GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PERSONAL HYGIENE PADA IBU YANG MEMILIKI BALITA STUNTING DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PINELENG KABUPATEN MINAHASA

Personal Hygiene merupakan upaya kebersihan yang dilakukan untuk mempertahankan kebersihan diri secara fisik maupun psikologis. Pengetahuan personal hygiene yang baik dapat mempengaruhi seseorang mengaplikasikannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Personal hygiene merupakan salah satu faktor tidak langsung yang mempengaruhi stunting pada Balita, yaitu balita terkena penyakit infeksi seperti diare yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan zat-zat gizi penting dalam pertumbuhan balita. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui Gambaran Pengetahuan Tentang Personal Hygiene Pada Ibu Yang Memiliki Balita Stunting Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pineleng Kabupaten Minahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian survei deskriptif pada bulan April-Juli 2020. Populasi penelitian yaitu ibu yang memiliki balita stunting di wilayah kerja puskesmas pineleng kabupaten minahasa. Sampel penelitian menggunakan total populasi yaitu 41 ibu yang memiliki balita stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pineleng Kabupaten Minahasa. Pengambilan data dilakukan wawancara melalui telepon berdasarkan pada  kuesioner (check list). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada umumnya pengetahuan personal hygiene pada ibu yang memiliki balita stunting yaitu berkategori baik sebanyak 37 responden (90.2%), berkategori cukup sebanyak 3 responden (7.3%) dan berkategori kurang sebanyak 1 responden (2.4%). Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu pengetahuan personal hygiene pada ibu yaitu baik. Pengetahuan personal hygiene dapat mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada balita. Kata Kunci: personal hygiene, stunting, ibu, balita, pineleng ABSTRACTPersonal Hygiene is a hygiene effort made to maintain personal hygiene physically and psychologically. Good personal hygiene knowledge can influence someone to apply it in daily life. Personal hygiene is one of the indirect factors that affect stunting in children, namely infants exposed to infectious diseases such as diarrhea that can cause loss of essential nutrients in the growth of children . The purpose of this study was to determine the depiction of knowledge about personal hygiene in mothers who have stunting children  in the working area of the Public Health Center Pineleng Sub-district in Minahasa. This study uses a descriptive survey research design in April-July 2020. The study population is mothers who have stunting children under five in the area of Public Health Center Pineleng Sub-district. The research sample uses a total population of 41 mothers who have stunting children  in the working area of the Public Health Center Pineleng Sub-district. Data was collected by telephone interview based on questionnaire (check list). The results showed that in general personal hygiene knowledge in mothers who have stunting children  is in the good category of 37 respondents (90.2%), there are only 3 respondents (7.3%) in the category and less in the category of 1 respondent (2.4%). The conclusion of this research is personal hygiene knowledge in mothers, which is good. Personal hygiene knowledge can affect the incidence of stunting in children . Keywords: personal hygiene, stunting, mother, children, pinelen

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN SANITASI LINGKUNGAN PADA IBU YANG MEMILIKI BALITA STUNTING DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PINELENG KABUPATEN MINAHASA

Sanitasi lingkungan berpengaruh terhadap derajat kesehatan diantaranya kepemilikan jamban sehat dan penyediaan air bersih. Penyebab stunting secara tidak langsung yaitu kondisi sanitasi lingkungan. Praktik sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk dapat menyebabkan penyakit infeksi yang merupakan faktor penyebab secara langsung dari masalah gizi Stunting. Pada tahun 2019 jumlah penduduk di wilayak kerja Puskesmas Pineleng berjumlah 29.886 penduduk dan sebanyak 98.6% penduduk telah memiliki akses jamban dan sebanyak penduduk 89% telah memiliki akses air bersih. Jumlah balita stunting tahun 2019 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pineleng adalah 156 dan merupakan jumlah tertinggi di Kabupaten Minahasa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan sanitasi lingkungan berupa gambaran pengetahuan jamban dan air bersih pada ibu yang memiliki balita Stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pineleng Kabupaten Minahasa. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan cara pengumpulan data melalui wawancara lewat telepon. Populasi penelitian ini adalah Ibu yang memiliki balita stunting berjumlah 41 orang. Sampel penelitian adalah total populasi yaitu sebanyak 41 orang. Variabel penelitian adalah pengetahuan jamban dan pengetahuan air bersih. Hasil penelitian tentang gambaran pengetahuan jamban pada ibu yang memiliki balita stunting kategori baik berjumlah 27 orang (65.9%). Hasil penelitian tentang gambaran pengetahuan air bersih ibu yang memilki balita stunting kategori baik berjumlah 35 orang (85.4%). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan sanitasi lingkungan berupa gambaran pengetahuan jamban dan air bersih Ibu sudah baik tapi balitanya mengalami stunting dikarenakan faktor pengetahuan sanitasi lingkungan merupakan faktor penyebab tidak langsung dari Stunting, dan faktor penyebab secara langsung dari Stunting adalah tidak cukup asupan makanan dan penyakit infeksi. Kata Kunci : Sanitasi Lingkungan, Pengetahuan, Stunting ABSTRACTEnvironmental sanitation affects the degree of health including the ownership of healthy latrines and the provision of clean water. Indirect causes of stunting are environmental sanitation conditions. Poor environmental sanitation practices can cause infectious diseases which are a direct cause of Stunting nutrition problems. In 2019 the population in the Pineleng Community Health Center was 29,886 residents and 98.6% of the population had access to a toilet and 89% of the population had access to clean water. The number of stunting toddlers in 2019 in the working area of the Pineleng Community Health Center is 156 and is the highest number in the Minahasa Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of environmental sanitation knowledge in the form of toilet knowledge and clean water knowledge for mothers who have children under five years old in the area of Pineleng Health Center, Minahasa Regency. This type of research uses descriptive research by collecting data through telephone interviews. The population of this research is 41 mothers with stunting toddlers. The research sample is a total population of 41 people. The research variables are toilet knowledge and clean water knowledge, The results of the study illustrate the latrine knowledge of mothers who have stunting toddlers in both categories amounting to 27 people (65.9%). The results of the study illustrate the knowledge of clean water for mothers who have stunting toddlers both categories amounted to 35 people (85.4%). These results indicate that environmental sanitation knowledge in the form of knowledge of latrines and clean water is good but the toddler is stunted because environmental sanitation knowledge is an indirect causative factor of Stunting, and the direct factor of Stunting is insufficient food intake and infectious diseases. Keywords : Stunting, Knowledge, Environmental Sanitatio

HIGIENE SANITASI PENGELOLAAN MAKANAN DAN ANGKA KUMAN PERALATAN MAKAN (PIRING) DI INSTALASI GIZI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PANCARAN KASIH GMIM KOTA MANADO

Higiene dan sanitasi sangatlah penting, terutama di tempat-tempat umum yang melayani orang banyak, salah satunya Rumah Sakit (RS) upaya penyediaan pelayanan kesehatan ini pula dapat menjadi tempat penularan serta memungkinkan terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan serta gangguan kesehatan. Penanganan sanitasi yang kurang baik dapat menyebabkan terjadinya hal-hal yang merugikan seperti keracunan. Peranan pencucian peralatan makan secara baik dapat menghasilkan peralatan makanan yang bersih dan sehat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran hygiene sanitasi pengelolaan makanan dan angka kuman peralatan makan (piring) di RS Pancaran Kasih GMIM Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian deskriptif observasional. Subyek penelitian yaitu 6 buah piring yang diambil secara acak dari ruangan kelas I, II, dan III. Pemeriksaan hygiene sanitasi menggunakan lembar observasi. Aspek pengukuran memenuhi syarat jika nilai yang diperoleh >90% dari total penelitian. Pemeriksaan mikrobiologi usap alat makan yang dilakukan di laboratorium Badan Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan Kota Manado semua sampel yang diambil tidak memenuhi syarat dengan persyaratan angka kuman >100 koloni/cm2(28.000-72.000 koloni/cm2). Hasil observasi hygiene sanitasi pengelolaan makanan dengan menggunakan lembar observasi mendapat skor 15 sehingga dinyatakan tidak memenuhi syarat. Perlu diadakannya pengawasan dan penyuluhan oleh instalasi gizi RS Umum Pancaran Kasih GMIM Kota manado tentang pentingnya hygiene sanitasi pengelolaan makanan dan pearalatan makan sehingga memenuhi syarat kesehatan. Kata Kunci: Higiene sanitasi, angka kuman, instalasi gizi, rumah sakit ABSTRACT Hygiene and sanitation are very important, especially in public places that serve many people, one of which is the hospital's efforts to provide health services can also be a place of transmission and enable environmental pollution and health problems. Handling poor sanitation can cause harmful things such as poisoning. The role of cleaning or washing equipment properly, will produce clean and healthy food processing equipment. The purpose of this study was to describe the hygiene sanitation of food management and the number of plate feeding germs in the Pancaran Kasih GMIM Hospital in Manado City. The type of research used is descriptive observational research. The population of this study was all food trays, samples in this study were 6 samples, taken from class I, II, III. Sanitation hygiene checks using observation sheets, measurement aspects meet the requirements if the value obtained> 90% of the total study with a score of> 16.2. Microbiological examination of cutlery made at the Manado City Environmental Engineering Agency laboratory, all samples taken did not meet the requirements with germ number requirements> 100 colonies / cm2. The results of observation of hygiene sanitation in food management using the observation sheet got a score of 15, said to be ineligible due to the score obtained <16.2. Examination of plate feeding germ number is done at 11.00-11.46 WITA and the total germ number obtained varies from 28,000-72,000 colonies / cm2. Need to hold supervision and counseling by nutrition installation of public hospitals Pancaran Kasih of Manado City GMIM about the importance of sanitation hygiene in food management and food equipment so that it meets health requirements. Keywords: Hygiene Sanitary, number of Microbes, diet instalation, hospita

Money in monetary policy design: monetary cross-checking in the New-Keynesian model

In the New-Keynesian model, optimal interest rate policy under uncertainty is formulated without reference to monetary aggregates as long as certain standard assumptions on the distributions of unobservables are satisfied. The model has been criticized for failing to explain common trends in money growth and inflation, and that therefore money should be used as a cross-check in policy formulation (see Lucas (2007)). We show that the New-Keynesian model can explain such trends if one allows for the possibility of persistent central bank misperceptions. Such misperceptions motivate the search for policies that include additional robustness checks. In earlier work, we proposed an interest rate rule that is near-optimal in normal times but includes a cross-check with monetary information. In case of unusual monetary trends, interest rates are adjusted. In this paper, we show in detail how to derive the appropriate magnitude of the interest rate adjustment following a significant cross-check with monetary information, when the New-Keynesian model is the central bank’s preferred model. The cross-check is shown to be effective in offsetting persistent deviations of inflation due to central bank misperceptions. Keywords: Monetary Policy, New-Keynesian Model, Money, Quantity Theory, European Central Bank, Policy Under Uncertaint

Initial experience in treating lung cancer with helical tomotherapy

Helical tomotherapy is a new form of image-guided radiation therapy that combines features of a linear accelerator and a helical computed tomography (CT) scanner. Megavoltage CT (MVCT) data allow the verification and correction of patient setup on the couch by comparison and image registration with the kilovoltage CT multi-slice images used for treatment planning. An 84-year-old male patient with Stage III bulky non-small cell lung cancer was treated on a Hi-ART II tomotherapy unit. Daily MVCT imaging was useful for setup corrections and signaled the need to adapt the delivery plan when the patient’s anatomy changed significantly

Exact solutions to the four Goldstone modes around a dark soliton of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation

This article is concerned with the linearisation around a dark soliton solution of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. Crucially, we present analytic expressions for the four linearly-independent zero eigenvalue solutions (also known as Goldstone modes) to the linearised problem. These solutions are then used to construct a Greens matrix which gives the first-order spatial response due to some perturbation. Finally we apply this Greens matrix to find the correction to the dark-soliton wavefunction of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of fluctuations.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics

The Efficacy of Phonological Process Analysis for Apraxia of Speech

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Diverse sequence types of Klebsiella pneumoniae contribute to the dissemination of bla NDM-1 in India, Sweden, and the United Kingdom

Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing NDM-1 carbapenemase from India (n = 22), the United Kingdom (n = 13), and Sweden (n = 4) were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST), automated repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR), serotyping, virulence gene screening, and plasmid replicon typing. The most frequently detected MLST sequence types (STs) were ST14 (n = 13; all serotype K2), ST11, ST149, ST231, and ST147. The correlation between MLST and automated rep-PCR was excellent. IncA/C was the most frequently detected plasmid replicon type (n = 14). ST14, ST11, and other successful clones may be important for the dissemination of bla . Copyrigh

The effect of castration on growth and body composition of Javan Rusa Stags

The effects of castration on growth and body composition of Javan rusa (Cervus timorensis russa) stags were examined at three slaughter ages in three experiments. Castration had no effects on growth rates, or liveweights at periodic weighings, at any stage in Experiments I and 2, when the stags were slaughtered at 19 and 13 months of age, respectively. In Experiment 3, monthly liveweights of castrated and entire stags were not significantly different until the stags were 21 months old. From this age, when they had recovered from their first rut season and were in their second spring/early summer, the entires grew more rapidly than the castrates. There were seasonal changes in growth in both treatments, indicating that pasture conditions influenced performance. Liveweights of entires and castrates were similar in stags slaughtered at 13 and 19 months, but castrates were smaller than entires at 25 months. Castration reduced the size of the head and skin, but there was little important effect of castration on body components at any slaughter age. Castration can be recommended as a management tool for rusa stags, especially if the animals are to be slaughtered before they exceed 19 months of age

Insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth seasonality in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) - comparisons with temperate and tropical cervids

Growth in temperate and arctic deer is seasonal, with higher growth rates in spring and summer while growth rates are low or negative in autumn and winter. We have measured IGF1 concentrations in the plasma of reindeer calves exposed to a manipulated photoperiod, indoors, of either 16 hours light followed by 8 hours dark each day (16L:8D) (n = 3) or 8L:16D (n = 3) from about the autumnal to the vernal equinox, to determine whether the seasonal growth spurt normally seen in spring is associated with changes in the circulating level of IGF1. A high quality concentrate diet was available ad libitum. The animals were weighed, and bled every 2 weeks and plasma samples assayed for IGF1 by radioimmunoassay. 6-8 weeks after the start of the study those calves exposed to 16L.-8D showed a significant increase in plasma IGF1 concentration which was maintained until the close of the experiment, 24 weeks after the start. In contrast IGF1 plasma concentrations in those calves exposed to a daylength of 8L:16D did not significantly alter during the study. The elevated IFG1 in the 16L:8D group was associated with rapid weight gain compared with the 8L:16D group. We have shown that the seasonal growth spurt is preceded by an elevation in plasma IFG1 concentration. Further, this elevation in IGF1 is daylength dependent. For comparison IGF1 and growth rate seasonal profiles from temperate and tropical deer are included. This comparison reveals that seasonal increases in IGF1 take place only in animals with a seasonal growth spurt. Thus IGF1 plasma level elevations seem most closely associated with the resumption of rapid growth in spring following the winter