Gait characteristics of subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome and controls at self-selected and matched velocities

Background: Gait abnormalities have been reported in individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) however no studies exist to date investigating the kinematics of individuals with CFS in over-ground gait. The aim of this study was to compare the over-ground gait pattern (sagittal kinematics and temporal and spatial) of individuals with CFS and control subjects at their self-selected and at matched velocities. Methods: Twelve individuals with CFS and 12 matched controls participated in the study. Each subject walked along a 7.2 m walkway three times at each of three velocities: self-selected, relatively slow (0.45 ms-1) and a relatively fast (1.34 ms-1). A motion analysis system was used to investigate the sagittal plane joint kinematics and temporal spatial parameters of gait. Results: At self-selected velocity there were significant differences between the two groups for all the temporal and spatial parameters measured, including gait velocity (P = 0.002). For the kinematic variables the significant differences were related to both ankles during swing and the right ankle during stance. At the relatively slower velocity the kinematic differences were replicated. However, the step distances decreased in the CFS population for the temporal and spatial parameters. When the gait pattern of the individuals with CFS at the relatively fast walking velocity (1.30 ± 0.24 ms-1) was compared to the control subjects at their self-selected velocity (1.32 ± 0.15 ms-1) the gait pattern of the two groups was very similar, with the exception of both ankles during swing. Conclusion: The self-selected gait velocity and/or pattern of individuals with CFS may be used to monitor the disease process or evaluate therapeutic intervention. These differences may be a reflection of the relatively low self-selected gait velocity of individuals with CFS rather than a manifestation of the condition itself

A study of the application of microwave techniques to the measurement of solid propellant burning rates Progress report, 1 Sep. 1966 - 31 Aug. 1967

Microwave techniques for measurement of solid rocket propellant burning rate

The Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Missouri

The stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) fauna of Missouri was last treated more than 70 years ago. Since then, many more specimens have become available for study, substantial papers on regional faunas have been published, and many revisions and other taxonomic changes have taken place. As a consequence, 40% of the names from the previous Missouri state list have changed or the taxa have been removed. The fauna of stink bugs known from Missouri based on specimens from museums, other collections, and the literature is presented. Included for each species is a general overview of biological and ecological information, overall distribution, and local distribution among Missouri Natural Divisions. Also presented for Missouri specimens are biological label data and extreme dates of adult collection. All totaled, 57 species are now known from the state, eight of which represent new state records: Asopinae: Alcaeorrhynchus grandis (Dallas), Tylospilus acutissimus (Stål); Pentatominae: Banasa calva (Say), Banasa euchlora Stål, Cosmopepla intergressa (Uhler), Halyomorpha halys (Stål), Neottiglossa undata (Say); Podopinae: Amaurochrous brevitylus Barber and Sailer

Long-term Effects of Tillage on the Retention and Transport of Soil Water

Quantitative measurements were made of the physical and chemical properties of two virgin prairie soils, Crowley and Jay, that remain in their native Arkansas environments and of similar soils that had been tilled extensively. Comparisons were made of soil properties at several depths. When compared with the tilled soils the virgin soils had higher organic matter contents, saturated hydraulic conductivities and water retained at several applied pressures. Bulk densities and hydraulic resistances were lower in the virgin soils. For the Crowley silt loam, values of pH and elemental contents of the virgin soil were higher than those of the tilled soil. Determinations also were made of the effects of a 14-year addition of winter cover crops on a Dubbs-Dundee soil in continuous cotton production. In general, the winter cover crops tended to increase hydraulic conductivity~. ·porosity and organic matter content. These results indicated that the detrimental effects of long-term tillage on soil hydraulic properties could partially be overcome with the planting of these crops during the winter. However, the rate of improvement in the hydraulic properties was not dramatic

Pennsylvanian Section at Crescent, Iowa

The town of Crescent is located in Pottawattamie County, about eight miles north of Council Bluffs. Rock exposures at the foot of the bluffs bordering the valley of Missouri River southwest of Crescent have long been known to geologists, and are mentioned and described in detail by Udden

A General Section for the Missouri Series in Madison County, Iowa

During the past seven years the material resource investigations of the Department of Materials and Tests of the Iowa State Highway Commission have included frequent studies of the rock deposits of Madison County. Examination of the unpublished data in their files show that forty-four detailed sections, covering the whole range of the Missouri Series for that county, have been obtained. All of these sections have been taken by the writer or under his direction. There follows herewith a table giving the locations of the various points where detailed sections have been obtained, and following it, a General Section, giving the succession and character of the beds, and indicating the detailed sections in which each is represented

A Pre-Wisconsin Valley in Southwestern Hancock County

An extensive road surfacing program in all the counties of northern Iowa for the past ten years or more has resulted in a severe drain on the gravel supplies of that territory, and has, in many cases, necessitated the search for new deposits. Such is the case in Hancock County. The kame and esker deposits, which were the first to be opened and worked, are now almost entirely exhausted, and gravels of the valley trains, though not so easily found, and though, in many cases, lying below the ground water level, hold the most promise for future needs. The valley described in this paper is one which was traced out in the course of a search for new deposits of this type in the vicinity of Britt and Kanawha

The Cedar Valley Limestone at Glory and at Waterloo, Iowa

Recent quarry operations at Glory (N. E. ¼ Sec. 36 Spring Creek Twp., Black Hawk County, about 6 miles east of La Porte City) and in the north part of Waterloo (N. W. ¼ N. W. ¼ Sec. 14 East Waterloo Twp.) have brought to view excellent sections of the Cedar Valley Stage of the Devonian System of rocks. This paper describes the succession of strata found in each, and briefly summarizes the results of a considerable number of physical tests made on samples from them

An evlauation of the three-dimensional split-film anemometer for measurements of atmospheric turbulence

A three-dimensional split-film anemometer was tested in turbulent, as well as in nonturbulent flow downstream from a wind tunnel turbulence grid. The data obtained with this probe in the turbulence behind the grid, indicated that the measured turbulence intensities were somewhat lower than the intensity measured with the conventional hot-wire anemometry; a result of the finite dimensions of the sensor arrays. The probe yaw angle was determined to be accurate within three degrees. Statistical averages, determined by mean-wind direction and vertical and lateral directions were computed on the basis of the probe yaw angle