SLIDES: Public Funding Sources in MT: State Funding Sources, 3 Partnerships Examples

Presenter: Alan Wood, MT Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Helena, MT 12 slide

SLIDES: Public Funding Sources in MT: State Funding Sources, 3 Partnerships Examples

Presenter: Alan Wood, MT Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Helena, MT 12 slide

Review of Taiwan in Transformation: Retrospect and Prospect, second edition, by Huang Chun-chieh. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2014.

Book Revie

Structure, paleolimnology and basin history of the East Kivu Graben, Lake Kivu, Rwanda from offshore seismic reflection data

Lake Kivu, located at the topographic high point of the western branch of Africa\u27s Great Rift Valley, is regularly subjected to large-magnitude seismic events, violent volcanic discharges, and possible limnic eruptions which pose substantial geohazards to the ~two million Congolese and Rwandan people living around its basin. Although most of the western branch of Africa\u27s Great Rift Valley is amagmatic, Lake Kivu is bordered to the north and south by two volcanic provinces. Subaqueous springs, charged by the active Virunga Magmatic Complex at the north end of the lake, currently inject gas into the deep- hypolimnion, where it remains in solution at high concentrations. Rapid expulsion of these gases into the atmosphere, possibly induced by seismic, meteorologic, or volcanic events, would be devastating to the local population. To assess the potential danger, it is critical to understand the basin\u27s structure, and the effects of magmatism and climate changes on the lake. Information about past basin structural, and lake surface elevation changes are preserved in the sediments under the lake; these provide information about the region\u27s tectonic and climatic past. Between 2010 and 2013, Syracuse University\u27s Department of Earth Sciences acquired ~1100 km of marine seismic reflection data and six Kullenberg sediment cores from the eastern basin of the lake. Interpretation of these seismic data show that the eastern basin of Lake Kivu is a half-graben, bounded by east-dipping normal faults. Most subsidence is accommodated at the west side of the basin by slip along two north striking, offset growth faults which are located east of Idjwi and Iwawa Islands. Strain between these faults is accommodated by oblique strike-slip along a northeast striking, transfer fault. Oblique slip along other northeast-striking faults may accommodate extension between more recent, north striking fault segments. This could account for the irregular shape of Lake Kivu\u27s basin, islands, and shoreline. The \u3e1.5 km sedimentary section observed in the marine seismic reflection data records extreme climate changes through the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Truncated surfaces indicate that the lake has experienced at least three periods of desiccation. Two of these events correlate to prolonged times of aridity interpreted within the sedimentary records of other African Great Lakes. Between these desiccation periods, the maximum lake surface has varied over a range of \u3e400 m, controlled at different times by climate or the basin\u27s structural configuration. At ~12 ka, there was a transgression from a lowstand of ~370 m below the current lake level, to a level above the current water position. This transgression is reported as induced by a sudden, rapid expansion of the Virunga Volcanic Complex which blocked the northern outlet of the lake, forcing it to a higher, southern spill point through Bukavu Bay; however data presented herein show that it was likely caused by a change in the regional climate. Sediment core data indicate that the transgression occurred over a time span of ~100 years which was likely too short of a period for such a large magmatic expansion. Seismic data show that for most of the lake\u27s past, prior to this -370 m lowstand, the lake level was at ~310 m below the modern lake level, indicating that the lowstand underfilled the lake basin. In this circumstance, the basinal spill point did not control the lake level. Other East African Lakes also transgressed from low stands at approximately the same time, indicating that there was a regional change to wetter climate conditions. Inflation of the Virunga Volcanic Complex, which likely occurred gradually before, or during the lowstand, raised the topographic threshold to the north forcing the lake to spill out of the southern, Bukavu Basin when the transgression occurred

What Does It Mean to Be Human? Education for World Citizenship

What is the purpose of education in a democracy? What is the meaning of freedom? These questions are explored in depth in this essay as the author attempts to expand the conversation between private and public education. Without reference to religious purposes or Gospel mandates, the article explores possible responses to ultimate questions of meaning by mining language, history, biology, and technology for answers

Tunnelling

Tunnelling has become a fragmented process, excessively influenced by lawyers'notions of confrontational contractual bases. This prevents the pooling of skills, essential to the achievement of the promoters' objectives. Tunnelling: Management by Design seeks the reversal of this trend. After a brief historical treatment of selected developments, t

Two-Person Zero-Sum Games for Network Interdiction

Operations Research, Volume 43, Issue 2 (Mar. - Apr., 1995), 243-251. The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.43.2.243.A single evader attempts to traverse a path between two nodes in a network while a single interdictor attempts to detect the evader by setting up an inspection point along one of the network arcs. For each arc there is a known probability of detection if the evader traverses that arc that the interdictor is inspecting. The evader must determine a probabilistic "path-selection" strategy which minimizes the probability of detection. The interdictor represents, in a simplified form, U.S. and allied forces attempting to interdict drugs and precursor chemicals as they are moved through river, road, and air routes in Latin America and the Caribbean. We show that the basic scenario is a two-person zero-sum game that might require the enumeration of an exponential number of paths, but then show that optimal strategies can be found using network flow techniques of polynomial complexity. To enhance realism, we also solve problems with unknown origins and destinations, multiple interdictors or evaders, and other generalizations