Central Macular Thickness in Children with Myopia, Emmetropia, and Hyperopia: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study

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The use of optical coherence tomography in the assessment of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy

This review was performed to assess the use of optical coherence tomography in diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy and its application in the diagnosis and management of these conditions. A comprehensive literature search on MEDLINE was performed for studies published until 2013 with key words 'diabetes mellitus', 'optical coherence tomography', 'diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetic maculopathy', 'intersessional repeatability', 'diurnal variation' , 'fundus autofluorescence' and 'treatment'. Search results were limited to studies published in English and in human subjects only. The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study established the current standard of care for diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy with the diagnosis based on slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and fluorescein angiography. There has been a recent shift to the use of optical coherence tomography in the qualitative and quantitative assessment of such diseases. Furthermore, the advancement of optical coherence tomography from time-domain to spectraldomain technology allows us to visualize pathological changes of diabetic maculopathy in details in different retinal layers. Such observed changes have been used to establish new classifications of diabetic maculopathy. The high sensitivity and quantitative nature of optical coherence tomography make it a highly popular modality used extensively to monitor disease progression and efficacy of new treatment modalities. Optical coherence tomography plays a crucial role in the modern clinical management of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy. Its use has revolutionized the understanding and management of these eye diseases.published_or_final_versio

Predictors of success in selective laser trabeculoplasty for primary open angle glaucoma in Chinese

2014-2015 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

The Evolution of Compact Binary Star Systems

We review the formation and evolution of compact binary stars consisting of white dwarfs (WDs), neutron stars (NSs), and black holes (BHs). Binary NSs and BHs are thought to be the primary astrophysical sources of gravitational waves (GWs) within the frequency band of ground-based detectors, while compact binaries of WDs are important sources of GWs at lower frequencies to be covered by space interferometers (LISA). Major uncertainties in the current understanding of properties of NSs and BHs most relevant to the GW studies are discussed, including the treatment of the natal kicks which compact stellar remnants acquire during the core collapse of massive stars and the common envelope phase of binary evolution. We discuss the coalescence rates of binary NSs and BHs and prospects for their detections, the formation and evolution of binary WDs and their observational manifestations. Special attention is given to AM CVn-stars -- compact binaries in which the Roche lobe is filled by another WD or a low-mass partially degenerate helium-star, as these stars are thought to be the best LISA verification binary GW sources.Comment: 105 pages, 18 figure

Infectious Keratitis and Collagen Cross-Linking

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a human disease characterized by loss of photoreceptor cells, especially rods, leading to visual disturbance and eventually blindness. Effective treatments for controlling RP remain unavailable. Infectious keratitis is a visual threatening eye condition of the cornea that can cause severe visual loss if not appropriately managed in a timely manner. Only 50% of the eyes will enjoy good visual recovery if antibiotic treatment is delayed. Causative pathogens include bacteria, virus, fungus, protozoa and parasites. A number of risk factors have been identified for microbial keratitis, including contact lens wear, recent ocular surgery or ocular trauma, ocular surface disease, dry eyes, eyelid deformities, corneal sensation impairment, chronic use of topical steroids and immunocompromised states. This book discusses the prevalence, symptoms and treatment options of eye disorders

Correlation of Intraocular Pressure Between Both Eyes After Bilateral Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Open-Angle Glaucoma

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation of intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) between the 2 eyes treated with SLT in open-angle glaucoma (OAG). METHODS: This prospective cohort study sequentially recruited subjects with bilateral OAG. All subjects received a single session of 360-degree SLT treatment. Success was defined as IOP reduction of ≥20%. Spearman correlation was used to compare the following parameters between the 2 eyes following SLT: IOP at day 1, 1 week, and 1 month; percentage of success; and IOP reduction. RESULTS: In 84 eyes of 42 subjects that received bilateral SLT treatment, both eyes had statistically comparable baseline characteristics. There were significant correlations between the IOP in both eyes at all time intervals following SLT as well as for the percentage of IOP reduction and the success rate at 1 month after SLT (all r≥0.7, P0.6, P<0.02). Nineteen percent had success in 1 eye and nonsuccess in the fellow eye with an inverse correlation between the 2 eyes (Spearman r=-0.7, P=0.03). CONCLUSION: There is a strong and significant correlation in the IOP-lowering response to SLT between both eyes in near 80% of treated OAG subjects, whereas near 20% had an asymmetrical and inverse response to SLT between both the eyes

Apoptosis and other cell death mechanisms after retinal detachment: Implications for photoreceptor rescue

Retinal detachment (RD) is one of the most common causes of blindness. This separation of the neurosensory retina from its underlying retinal pigment epithelium results in photoreceptor loss, which is the basis of permanent visual impairment. This review explores the various cell death mechanisms in photoreceptor death associated with RD. One of the major mechanisms is apoptosis, mediated by the intrinsic pathway, the Fas signalling pathway and/or the caspase-independent pathway. Other pathways of mechanisms include endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cell death, programmed necrosis and cytokine-related pathways. Understanding the mechanism of RD-associated photoreceptor death is likely to help us improve the current therapies or devise new strategies for this sight-threatening condition. © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.link_to_subscribed_fulltex