Chinese consumers\u27 perceptions of country design, assembly and parts capabilities : does country considered or consumer acculturation matter?

Chinese consumers are facing a diverse range of choices in regards to products produced wholly or in part overseas or by overseas corporations based in China. This study examines how consumers from China, both residing at home and abroad, perceived capability of Germany, Japan, US and China in regard to three dimensions of country capabilities- design, assembly and parts/components. The findings show that consumers have different perceptions concerning country capabilities and that Chinese consumers residing overseas appear to have more positive perceptions of foreign countries&rsquo; capabilities.<br /

The impact of consumer ethnocentrism and country of origin sub-components for high involvement products on young Chinese consumers\u27 product assessments

Purpose &ndash; The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of country of origin (COO) sub-components (i.e. design, assembly and parts), as well as the extent to which consumer ethnocentrism tendencies interact with these COO sub-components for young Chinese consumers with regards to product quality assessments and purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach &ndash; A 2?&times;?2?&times;?2 factorial experimental design was used to examine the effects of the three sub-components of COO with two levels of sourcing location &ndash; Home (China) and Foreign (Germany), for two high involvement products (an automobile and a digital camera). Chinese students in China represented the sample of 272 respondents. MANOVA was used to examine the direct effects and interactions of the three COO components, as well as ethnocentrism, measured using the CETSCALE. Findings &ndash; It was found that the three COO sub-components did not influence young Chinese consumers&rsquo; evaluation of product quality or purchase intentions. In addition, consumers&rsquo; level of ethnocentrism also did not have a direct effect on perceived product quality or purchase intentions. There was only one statistically significant interaction effect between ethnocentrism and country of parts for one of the two products. As such, COO dimensions and young Chinese consumers&rsquo; ethnocentrism appears to have limited influence on their assessments of product quality or purchase intentions. This may occur because young Chinese consumers perceive that hybrid products are the norm for high involvement products in China as these products are all these consumers have experienced. Originality/value &ndash; The findings of this research dispute the commonly held belief and evidence that sub-components of COO have an impact on the perceptions of product quality and purchase intentions. Young Chinese consumers may be different to consumers from western countries because they have been extensively exposed to hybrid products. Given the size and growth potential of China, young Chinese are an important, under-researched segment within the Chinese market.<br /

Product evaluation and purchase intention : impact of country-of-origin and experience in living in a foreign country

This article presents the results of an experiment that compares the perceptions of product quality and purchase intentions of foreign versus home products by Chinese consumers who have had experience living in a western society compared to those living in China. The results indicate experience does affect purchase likelihood for home versus foreign products. Chinese, generally, find country of parts as the best cue in evaluating product quality and purchase intentions.<br /

The Impact of Consumer Ethnocentrism and Country of Orgin Sub-Components for High Involvement Products on Young Chinese Consumers' Product Assessments

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of country of origin (COO) subcomponents (i.e. design, assembly and parts), as well as the extent to which consumer ethnocentrism tendencies interact with these COO sub-components for young Chinese consumers with regards to product quality assessments and purchase intentions

PRODUCT EVALUATION AND PURCHASE INTENTION: IMPACT OF COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN AND EXPERIENCE IN LIVING IN A FOREIGN COUNTRY

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of an experiment that compares the perceptions of product quality and purchase intentions of foreign versus home products by Chinese consumers who have had experience living in a western society compared to those living in China. The results indicate experience does affect purchase likelihood for home versus foreign products. Chinese, generally, find country of parts as the best cue in evaluating product quality and purchase intentions

Incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death in patients with age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy

10.1016/j.ajo.2014.12.005American Journal of Ophthalmology1593557-56

Retinal vascular caliber and age-related macular degeneration in an Indian population from Singapore

Purpose: To examine the association between retinal vascular caliber and early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in an Indian population. Methods: A total of 3112 Indian participants aged ≥40 years from the population-based Singapore Indian Eye Study who had data available on retinal vascular caliber measurements and AMD status were included. Retinal arteriolar and venular calibers were measured from digital photographs using computer-assisted software according to a standardized protocol. Images of the macular region were graded according to the modified Wisconsin age-related maculopathy grading system. Right eyes were selected for analyses. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess the association, adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, random blood glucose, body mass index, and the companion retinal vascular caliber. Results: A total of 107 participants (3.4%) were diagnosed with early AMD. Neither arteriolar nor venular caliber was related to AMD. For early AMD, the age-, sex-, and companion retinal vascular caliber-adjusted odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) decrease in arteriolar caliber was 0.95 (95% CI 0.84-1.31; p=0.671), and per SD increase in venular caliber was OR: 0.96 (95% CI: 0.77-1.20); p=0.714. No trend was found after categorizing retinal vascular calibers into quartiles. Multivariate adjustment and stratified analyses did not alter these results. Conclusion: Retinal vascular calibers were not related to early AMD among Indian participants. These findings differ from those of several previous studies performed in Caucasian and Asian populations.</p