44,880 research outputs found
Apsidal motion and absolute parameters for five LMC eccentric eclipsing binaries
Aims: As part of our observational projects at the La Silla Danish 1.54-meter
telescope, we aim to measure the precise times of minimum light for eccentric
eclipsing binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud, needed for accurate
determination of apsidal motion. Many new times of minima were derived from the
photometric databases OGLE and MACHO. Several new minima were also observed.
Five early-type and eccentric-orbit eclipsing binaries: HV 982 (P = 5.34 d, e =
0.15), HV 2274 (5.73 d, 0.17), MACHO 78.6097.13 (3.11 d, 0.05), MACHO
81.8881.47 (3.88 d, 0.22), and MACHO 79.5377.76 (2.64 d, 0.06) were studied.
Methods: The O-C diagrams of the systems were analysed using all reliable
timings found in the literature, and new or improved elements of apsidal motion
were obtained. Light and radial velocity curves of MACHO 81.8881.47 and MACHO
79.5377.76 were analysed using the program PHOEBE. Results: We derived for the
first time or significantly improved the relatively short periods of apsidal
motion of 211 (12), 127 (8), 48 (13), 103 (20), and 42 (19) years,
respectively. The internal structure constants, log k2, were found to be -2.37,
-2.47, -2.17, -2.02, and -1.86 respectively, under the assumption that the
component stars rotate pseudosynchronously. The relativistic effects are weak,
up to 6% of the total apsidal motion rate. The masses for MACHO 81.8881.47
resulted in 5.51 (0.21) and 5.40 (0.19) M0, while for MACHO 79.5377.76 the
masses are 11.26 (0.35) and 11.27 (0.35) M0, respectively.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, published in 2013A&A...558A..51
The first analysis of extragalactic binary-orbit precession
The main aim of the present paper is the very first analysis of the
binary-orbit precession out of our Galaxy. The light curves of an eclipsing
binary MACHO 82.8043.171 in the Large Magellanic cloud (LMC) were studied in
order to analyse the long-term evolution of its orbit. It is a detached system
that is undergoing rapid orbit precession. The inclination of the orbit towards
the observer has been changing, which has caused the eclipse depth to become
lower over the past decade, and this is ongoing. The period of this effect was
derived as only about 77 years, so it is the second fastest nodal motion known
amongst such systems nowadays. This is the first analysis of an extragalactic
binary with nodal precession. This effect is probably caused by a distant third
body orbiting the pair, which could potentially be detected via spectroscopy.
Some preliminary estimates of this body are presented. However, even such a
result can tell us something about the multiplicity fraction in other galaxies.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, published in 2013A&A...559A..41
Relaxation dynamics of a protein solution investigated by dielectric spectroscopy
In the present work, we provide a dielectric study on two differently
concentrated aqueous lysozyme solutions in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 40
GHz and for temperatures from 275 to 330 K. We analyze the three dispersion
regions, commonly found in protein solutions, usually termed beta-, gamma-, and
delta-relaxation. The beta-relaxation, occurring in the frequency range around
10 MHz and the gamma-relaxation around 20 GHz (at room temperature) can be
attributed to the rotation of the polar protein molecules in their aqueous
medium and the reorientational motion of the free water molecules,
respectively. The nature of the delta-relaxation, which often is ascribed to
the motion of bound water molecules, is not yet fully understood. Here we
provide data on the temperature dependence of the relaxation times and
relaxation strengths of all three detected processes and on the dc conductivity
arising from ionic charge transport. The temperature dependences of the beta-
and gamma-relaxations are closely correlated. We found a significant
temperature dependence of the dipole moment of the protein, indicating
conformational changes. Moreover we find a breakdown of the
Debye-Stokes-Einstein relation in this protein solution, i.e., the dc
conductivity is not completely governed by the mobility of the solvent
molecules. Instead it seems that the dc conductivity is closely connected to
the hydration shell dynamics.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Estimating Potential Ground and Surface Water Pollution from Land Application of Poultry Litter - II
In Arkansas, approximately 1 Tg of poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) manure and litter is produced annually. These waste products are commonly applied to pastures as a soil amendment or fertilizer, but excessive application rates and poor management practices could result in nutrient contamination of ground and surface water. The purpose of this study was to: (1) assess the nutrient concentrations in poultry manure and (2) evaluate the nitrogen loss from land-applied poultry litter and manure due to ammonia volatilization and denitrification. Analyses for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), inorganic nitrogen (Ni), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were compared in 12 wet and dry hen manure samples. Drying the manure reduced the TKN from 57 to 40 g N/kg on a dry weight basis in wet and dry manure, respectively. The Ni in the manure was in the ammoniacal form with values of 19 and 2 g N/kg for wet and dry manure, respectively. The P and K levels were not influenced by drying the manure and had values of 24 and 21 g/kg, respectively. The results indicate that the nitrogen content of hen manure can be significantly reduced by drying the sample prior to analysis. In a 10-day laboratory study and an 11-day field study to evaluate ammonia volatilization from surface-applied hen manure, results indicated that 37% of the total nitrogen content of the manure was lost. The results indicated that a substantial amount of nitrogen in surface-applied poultry waste can be lost due to ammonia volatilization. Laboratory studies to evaluate denitrification in a Captina silt loam amended with 9 Mg/ha of poultry litter were conducted. When the soil was aerobically incubated for 168 h and then flooded for 66 h, the nitrate-nitrogen level decreased a net of 17 mg N/kg. The results indicated that, if the ammoniacal nitrogen in the litter is oxidized to nitrate under aerobic conditions and then the soil is flooded and available carbon is present, denitrification can occur rapidly. Results from these studies indicate that soil and environmental conditions playa critical role in determining the potential for nitrate pollution of ground and surface water when poultry manure and litter are surface-applied to pastures
Analytical Approximations for Calculating the Escape and Absorption of Radiation in Clumpy Dusty Environments
We present analytical approximations for calculating the scattering,
absorption and escape of nonionizing photons from a spherically symmetric
two-phase clumpy medium, with either a central point source of isotropic
radiation, a uniform distribution of isotropic emitters, or uniformly
illuminated by external sources. The analytical approximations are based on the
mega-grains model of two-phase clumpy media, as proposed by Hobson & Padman,
combined with escape and absorption probability formulae for homogeneous media.
The accuracy of the approximations is examined by comparison with 3D Monte
Carlo simulations of radiative transfer, including multiple scattering. Our
studies show that the combined mega-grains and escape/absorption probability
formulae provide a good approximation of the escaping and absorbed radiation
fractions for a wide range of parameters characterizing the medium. A realistic
test is performed by modeling the absorption of a starlike source of radiation
by interstellar dust in a clumpy medium, and by calculating the resulting
equilibrium dust temperatures and infrared emission spectrum of both the clumps
and the interclump medium. In particular, we find that the temperature of dust
in clumps is lower than in the interclump medium if clumps are optically thick.
Comparison with Monte Carlo simulations of radiative transfer in the same
environment shows that the analytic model yields a good approximation of dust
temperatures and the emerging UV to FIR spectrum of radiation for all three
types of source distributions mentioned above. Our analytical model provides a
numerically expedient way to estimate radiative transfer in a variety of
interstellar conditions and can be applied to a wide range of astrophysical
environments, from star forming regions to starburst galaxies.Comment: 55 pages, 27 figures. ApJ 523 (1999), in press. Corrected equations
and text so as to be same as ApJ versio
Apsidal motion and light a curve solution for eighteen SMC eccentric eclipsing binaries
Aims: The Danish 1.54-meter telescope at the La Silla observatory was used
for photometric monitoring of selected eccentric eclipsing binaries located in
the Small Magellanic Cloud. The new times of minima were derived for these
systems, which are needed for accurate determination of the apsidal motion.
Moreover, many new times of minima were derived from the photometric databases
OGLE and MACHO. Eighteen early-type eccentric-orbit eclipsing binaries were
studied.
Methods: Their (O-C) diagrams of minima timings were analysed and the
parameters of the apsidal motion were obtained. The light curves of these
eighteen binaries were analysed using the program PHOEBE, giving the light
curve parameters. For several systems the additional third light also was
detected.
Results: We derived for the first time and significantly improved the
relatively short periods of apsidal motion from 19 to 142 years for these
systems. The relativistic effects are weak, up to 10% of the total apsidal
motion rate. For one system (OGLE-SMC-ECL-0888), the third-body hypothesis was
also presented, which agrees with high value of the third light for this system
detected during the light curve solution.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, plus the appendix data tables with
times of minima. Published in 2014A&A...572A..71
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