Wyciąg z grejpfruta w ochronie roślin ozdobnych przed mączniakiem prawdziwym

W przeprowadzonych badaniach wyciąg z grejpfruta stosowano po wystąpieniu objawów mączniaka prawdziwego do opryskiwania roślin z częstotliwością co 7 dni. W ochronie róż, uprawianych w tunelu foliowym, przed Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae po 2 tygodniach ochrony skuteczność wyciągu z grejpfruta w dawkach 330 oraz 660 µg·cm⁻³ wahała się od 77 do 92%. Po 4 tygodniach ochrony skuteczność zmniejszyła się i wynosiła odpowiednio 73 oraz 75%. W ochronie chryzantemy, uprawianej w szklarni, przed Oidium chrysanthemi po 2 tygodniach ochrony skuteczność wyciągu grejpfruta w dawce 165 oraz 330 ( µg·cm⁻³ wahała się od 68 do 83%. Z kolei po 4 tygodniach skuteczność zwiększyła się i wynosiła odpowiednio 79 oraz 92%. W ochronie gerbery, uprawianej w szklarni, przed Erysiphe polyphaga po 2 tygodniach ochrony skuteczność badanego środka w dawce 330 µg·cm⁻³ wynosiła 80%. Z kolei po 4 tygodniach zwiększyła się i wynosiła 94%. W ochronie bratka, uprawianego w szklarni, przed Sphaerotheca hamuli po 2 tygodniach ochrony skuteczność wyciągu z grejpfruta w dawce 165 yiig cnr3 wynosiła około 94%. Natomiast po 4 tygodniach nieznacznie zmniejszyła się i wynosiła 90%. W ochronie dębu, uprawianego w polu, przed Microsphaera alphitoides po 2 tygodniach ochrony skuteczność badanego środka w dawce 660 µg·cm⁻³ wynosiła 65%, a po 4 tygodniach wzrosła do 70%. Badany środek nie był fitotoksyczny oraz nie pozostawiał osadu na roślinach.In the conducted investigations grapefruit extract at the concentration of 165, 330 or 660 µg·cm⁻³ was used for spraying ornamental plants against powdery mildew, at weekly intervals. In the control of Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae on roses cultivated in plastic tunnel after 2 weeks of experiment, the effectiveness of grapefruit extract at the concentration of 330 or 660 µg·cm⁻³ varied from 77 to 92%. After 4 weeks of protection, its effectiveness decreased and varied from 73 to 75%. In the control of Oidium chrysanthemi on chrysanthemum cultivated in a greenhouse, after 2 weeks, the effectiveness of grapefruit extract at the concentration of 165 or 330 µg·cm⁻³ varied from 68 to 83%. After 4 weeks, the effectiveness of grapefruit extract increased and ranged from 79 to 92%. In the control of Erysiphe polyphaga on gerbera cultivated in a greenhouse after 2 weeks of plant spraying, the effectiveness of tested product at the concentration of 330 µg·cm⁻³ was 80%. After 4 weeks its effectiveness increased up to 94%. In the control of Sphaerotheca hamuli on pansy cultivated in a greenhouse, after 2 weeks of protection, the effectiveness of grapefruit extract at the concentration of 165 µg·cm⁻³ was about 94%. After 4 weeks its effectiveness decreased and it was 90%. In the control of Microsphaera alphitoides on field growing oak, after 2 weeks of protection, the effectiveness of the tested product used at the concentration of 660 µg·cm⁻³ was 65%. After 4 weeks its effectiveness increased to 70%. Grapefruit extract was not phytotoxic to protected plants and did not leave residues on the leaves

Possibility of using natural and synthetic products in the protection of Rose against Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.) de Bary

Mączniak prawdziwy jest jedną z najgroźniejszych i najczęściej występujących chorób róż. Podstawową metodą zwalczania grzyba jest stosowanie fungicydów, które stanowią zagrożenie dla ludzi i środowiska. W badaniach oceniano wpływ nawozów dolistnych: Actifos i Solfan PK, stymulatorów wzrostu roślin: Atonik SL, Biosept Active, Huwa San TR 50, PronTech oraz środka biotechnicznego Bioczos płynny, olejów: Atpolan 80 EC i Olejan 85 EC, a także mleka UHT, stosowanych do czterokrotnego opryskiwania róży co siedem dni lub dziewięciokrotnego co 14 dni na rozwój objawów chorobowych powodowanych przez Podosphaera pannosa. Największą skuteczność w ograniczaniu rozwoju mączniaka prawdziwego na różach wykazały: Actifos, Atpolan 80 EC, Olejan 85 EC, PronTech, Solfan PK oraz mleko UHT użyte do ochrony. Skuteczność środków Atonik SL, Bioczos płynny, Biosept Active, Huwa San TR 50 była mniejsza, ale na tyle wystarczająca, aby mogły być polecane w ochronie róż przed mączniakiem prawdziwym. Żaden z badanych środków nie był fitotoksyczny dla róży.The primary method of protecting roses against powdery mildew is the use of fungicides. Due to the limited number of fungicides approved for the protection of roses against powdery mildew, often with the same or a similar mechanism of action against pathogens, their use carries a risk of the development of resistance. For this reason, it seems most appropriate to introduce natural and synthetic products with a different mode of action against pathogens, as compared to fungicides, into the program of protection of roses against powdery mildew. The study assessed the effects of foliar fertilizers: Actifos, Solfan PK, plant growth stimulants: Atonik SL, Biosept Active, Huwa San TR 50, PronTech, a liquid biotech agent: Bioczos liquit, oils: Atpolan 80 EC, Olejan 85 EC, and UHT Milk on the development of disease symptoms after they were used to spray roses 4 times every 7 days or 9 times every 14 days. The efficacy of the tested compounds in the protection of roses against powdery mildew was closely dependent on the species or cultivar used in the experiments, and also on the initial severity of symptoms and on the weather conditions in the case of open-field cultivation. In the experiment with the low-susceptible variety ‘Polarstern’, the tested products showed very high effectiveness, and some of them completely protected the bushes against infection. In the case of the other rose varieties used in the study, the products Actifos, Atpolan 80 EC, Olejan 85 EC, PronTech, Solfan PK and UHT Milk used for spraying rose bushes were found to have a very high efficacy in reducing the development of the symptoms of powdery mildew. By comparison, the efficacy of Atonik SL, Bioczos liquid, Biosept Active and Huwa San TR 50 was lower compared with the others, but sufficient to allow them to be recommended for the protection of roses against powdery mildew. None of the tested products was phytotoxic to the rose plant

Effect of the preparation Silwet Gold on the efficacy of the fungicides used for the protection of gerbera against Erysiphe polyphaga

Gerbera plants with the symptoms of powdery mildew (Erysiphe polyphaga) were sprayed with the fungicides: Bravo 500 SC, Discus 500 WG, Dithane NeoTec 75 WG, and Domark 100 EC (without a wetting agent), or in a mixture with the adjuvant Silwet Gold 0.015%. After 2 spray treatments at 7-day intervals, the degree of infection observed on the leaves of the plants protected with the tested fungicides with Silwet Gold added to them was from 36.4 to almost 100% lower, depending on the experiment. All the tested fungicides with the addition of Silwet Gold completely covered the top and bottom sides of the leaf blade. In the case of the products: Bravo 500 SC, Discus 500 WG, and Dithane NeoTec 75 WG used alone, after the completion of spraying there were single drops, sometimes merging together, left on the leaves, and a considerable part of the leaf blade was not covered with the liquid. When the spray solution had dried, prominent white stains of concentrated residue were found remaining on the leaves of the plants sprayed with Dithane NeoTec 75 WG. In the case of the products Bravo 500 SC and Discus 500 WG, the residue stains were less pro-nounced. The fungicide Domark 100 EC without the addition of Silwet Gold did not leave any obvious residue on the protected plants

Protection of roses against Diplocarpon rosae with mixture of fungicides and oils

The study evaluated the efficacy of Amistar 250 SC, Discus 500 WG and Score 250 EC, applied at concentrations according to their labels/instructions for use, and also reduced by 50% with the addition of one of the oils: Atpolan 80 EC, Olejan 85 EC, rape seed oil, in the protection of roses against Diplocarpon rosae. The fungicides and their mixtures with oils were used in open field conditions for spraying rose shrubs 9 times at 7-day intervals. The study found no significant effect of oils addition to the working liquid on improving the fungicide efficacy of roses protection against black spot. However, in view of the extended mechanism of the tested mixtures action against the pathogen, their use in practice seems to be the most appropriate. There were no phytotoxic effects of the tested fungicides and their mixtures with oils on the cultivars, on which the experiments were conducted