FSH isoform pattern in classic galactosemia

Female classic galactosemia patients suffer from primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). The cause for this long-term complication is not fully understood. One of the proposed mechanisms is that hypoglycosylation of complex molecules, a known secondary phenomenon of galactosemia, leads to FSH dysfunction. An earlier study showed less acidic isoforms of FSH in serum samples of two classic galactosemia patients compared to controls, indicating hypoglycosylation. In this study, FSH isoform patterns of five classic galactosemia patients with POI were compared to the pattern obtained in two patients with a primary glycosylation disorder (phosphomannomutase-2-deficient congenital disorders of glycosylation, PMM2-CDG) and POI, and in five postmenopausal women as controls. We used FPLC chromatofocussing with measurement of FSH concentration per fraction, and discovered that there were no significant differences between galactosemia patients, PMM2-CDG patients and postmenopausal controls. Our results do not support that FSH dysfunction due to a less acidic isoform pattern because of hypoglycosylation is a key mechanism of POI in this disease

Potato Protein Ingestion Increases Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates at Rest and during Recovery from Exercise in Humans

INTRODUCTION: Plant-derived proteins have received considerable attention as an alternative to animal-based proteins and are now frequently used in both plant-based diets and sports nutrition products. However, little information is available on the anabolic properties of potato-derived protein. This study compares muscle protein synthesis rates after the ingestion of 30 g potato protein versus 30 g milk protein at rest and during recovery from a single bout of resistance exercise in healthy, young males. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design, 24 healthy young males (24 ± 4 yr) received primed continuous l-[ring-(13)C(6)]-phenylalanine infusions while ingesting 30 g potato-derived protein or 30 g milk protein after a single bout of unilateral resistance exercise. Blood and muscle biopsies were collected for 5 h after protein ingestion to assess postprandial plasma amino acid profiles and mixed muscle protein synthesis rates at rest and during recovery from exercise. RESULTS: Ingestion of both potato and milk protein increased mixed muscle protein synthesis rates when compared with basal postabsorptive values (from 0.020% ± 0.011% to 0.053% ± 0.017%·h(−1) and from 0.021% ± 0.014% to 0.050% ± 0.012%·h(−1), respectively; P < 0.001), with no differences between treatments (P = 0.54). In the exercised leg, mixed muscle protein synthesis rates increased to 0.069% ± 0.019% and 0.064% ± 0.015%·h(−1) after ingesting potato and milk protein, respectively (P < 0.001), with no differences between treatments (P = 0.52). The muscle protein synthetic response was greater in the exercised compared with the resting leg (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ingestion of 30 g potato protein concentrate increases muscle protein synthesis rates at rest and during recovery from exercise in healthy, young males. Muscle protein synthesis rates after the ingestion of 30 g potato protein do not differ from rates observed after ingesting an equivalent amount of milk protein

Potato protein ingestion increases muscle protein synthesis rates at rest and during recovery from exercise in humans

Introduction Plant-derived proteins have received considerable attention as an alternative to animal-based proteins and are now frequently used in both plant-based diets and sports nutrition products. However, little information is available on the anabolic properties of potato-derived protein. This study compares muscle protein synthesis rates after the ingestion of 30 g potato protein versus 30 g milk protein at rest and during recovery from a single bout of resistance exercise in healthy, young males. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design, 24 healthy young males (24 ± 4 yr) received primed continuous l-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine infusions while ingesting 30 g potato-derived protein or 30 g milk protein after a single bout of unilateral resistance exercise. Blood and muscle biopsies were collected for 5 h after protein ingestion to assess postprandial plasma amino acid profiles and mixed muscle protein synthesis rates at rest and during recovery from exercise. Results Ingestion of both potato and milk protein increased mixed muscle protein synthesis rates when compared with basal postabsorptive values (from 0.020% ± 0.011% to 0.053% ± 0.017%·h−1 and from 0.021% ± 0.014% to 0.050% ± 0.012%·h−1, respectively; P < 0.001), with no differences between treatments (P = 0.54). In the exercised leg, mixed muscle protein synthesis rates increased to 0.069% ± 0.019% and 0.064% ± 0.015%·h−1 after ingesting potato and milk protein, respectively (P < 0.001), with no differences between treatments (P = 0.52). The muscle protein synthetic response was greater in the exercised compared with the resting leg (P < 0.05). Conclusions Ingestion of 30 g potato protein concentrate increases muscle protein synthesis rates at rest and during recovery from exercise in healthy, young males. Muscle protein synthesis rates after the ingestion of 30 g potato protein do not differ from rates observed after ingesting an equivalent amount of milk protein

Physical Activity Performed in the Evening Increases the Overnight Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Presleep Protein Ingestion in Older Men

Background: The age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass is partly attributed to anabolic resistance to food intake. Dietary protein ingestion before sleep could be used as a nutritional strategy to compensate for anabolic resistance. Objective: The present study assessed whether physical activity performed in the evening can augment the overnight muscle protein synthetic response to presleep protein ingestion in older men. Methods: In a parallel group design, 23 healthy older men (mean SEM age: 71 1 y) were randomly assigned to ingest 40 g protein intrinsically labeled with L[1-C-13]-phenylalanine and L-[1-C-13]-leucine before going to sleep with (PRO+EX) or without (PRO) performing physical activity earlier in the evening. Overnight protein digestion and absorption kinetics and myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were assessed by combining primed, continuous infusions of L-[ring-H-2(5)]-phenylalanine, L-[1-C-13]-leucine, and L-[ring-H-2(2)]-tyrosine with the ingestion of intrinsically labeled casein protein. Muscle and blood samples were collected throughout overnight sleep. Results: Protein ingested before sleep was normally digested and absorbed, with 54% +/- 2% of the protein-derived amino acids appearing in the circulation throughout overnight sleep. Overnight myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were 31 % (0.058% +/- 0.002%/h compared with 0.044% +/- 0.003%/h; P <0.01; based on L-[ring-H-2(5)]-phenylalanine) and 27% (0.074% +/- 0.004%/h compared with 0.058% +/- 0.003%/h; P <0.01; based on L-[1-C-13]-leucine) higher in the PRO+EX than in the PRO treatment. More dietary protein-derived amino acids were incorporated into de novo myofibrillar protein during overnight sleep in PRO+EX than in PRO treatment (0.042 +/- 0.002 compared with 0.033 +/- 0.002 mole percent excess; P <0.05). Conclusions: Physical activity performed in the evening augments the overnight muscle protein synthetic response to presleep protein ingestion and allows more of the ingested protein-derived amino acids to be used for de novo muscle protein synthesis during overnight sleep in older men. This trial was registered at Nederlands Trial Register as NTR3885

Differential Protein Expression in Serum of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Patients - A Proteomic Approach

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study is to investigate the differential expression of proteins in serum of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients in relation to aneurysm size (Dmax) and progression.MethodsTwo-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) together with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to analyse the serum proteome from patients with small (Dmax 30–54 mm) AAA, either stable (increase Dmax <5 mm year−1; n = 8) or progressive (increase Dmax ≥5 mm year−1; n = 8), and large (Dmax ≥55 mm; n = 8) AAA. The identified proteins were quantitatively validated in a larger population (n = 80).ResultsSeveral proteins were differentially expressed in serum of small stable, small progressive and large AAA. Three validated proteins (immunoglobulin G (IgG), α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) and Factor XII activity) showed strong correlation with Dmax. Size combined with either Factor XII activity or α1-antitrypsin had minimal effect on the prognostic value in predicting aneurysm progression compared with size alone (area under the curve (AUC), 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.73–0.97; p < 0.001 and AUC, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72–0.98; p < 0.001 vs. AUC, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71–0.96; p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionThe present study indicates that both Factor XII and α1-antitrypsin are found in increased amounts in the serum of patients with expanding AAA. However, combination of either Factor XII or α1-antitrypsin with aneurysm diameter had little effect on prediction of aneurysm progression versus diameter alone

Food ingestion in an upright sitting position increases postprandial amino acid availability when compared with food ingestion in a lying down position

Dietary protein digestion and absorption kinetics determine the post-prandial increase in muscle protein synthesis. We recently demonstrated that body position during feeding can modulate the post-prandial rise in plasma amino acid availability. Here we investigated whether protein ingestion in an upright sitting body position accelerates gastric emptying and improves dietary protein digestion and subsequent amino acid absorption compared with feeding in a supine lying body position. In a crossover design, eight young males (26±1 y, 24.0±0.9 kg.m-2) ingested 20 g intrinsically L-[1-13C]-phenylalanine labeled milk protein plus 1.5 g paracetamol while sitting in an upright position or lying down in a supine position. Blood samples were collected frequently during a 5 h post-prandial period. Gastric emptying rates and dietary protein digestion and absorption were assessed using plasma paracetamol and amino acid concentrations as well as plasma L-[1-13C]-phenylalanine enrichments. Peak plasma leucine concentrations were higher when protein was ingested in an upright sitting vs lying position (213±15 vs 193±12 mol.L-1, PThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Better, higher, lower, faster: increasingly rapid clinical decision making using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays

The diagnosis of acute myocardial infraction has undergone a noticeable transformation since the introduction of the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays. The clear shift towards increasingly rapid clinical decision making is reflected in the most recent European Society of Cardiology guidelines, which include a 0-/1-hour algorithm for the diagnosis of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The use of this algorithm enables rule-in or rule-out in approximately 70–75% of all patients after a second cardiac troponin measurement after one hour. In a minority of patients rule-in or rule-out is achievable even faster; after only a single blood draw at presentation. Since rapid clinical decision making has several advantages, like fast initiation of treatment for those who need it and preventing prolonged patient anxiety, various recent studies have tried to further optimize these cut-off values at presentation