Locating the ‘voice-as-object’ and ‘voice-as-subject’ for the entry-level theatre voice teacher

In this article we argue that the entry-level theatre voice teacher is confronted in the theatre voice class with a ‘dichotomized voice’ in training, where the physiological and the socio-cultural interweave brain/mind/body to form a sense of a self-reflected whole, through and because of voice usage. In the theatre voice training process, the student’s voice is subject to his or her embodied socio-cultural experience, which impacts on how the voice is produced and used in relation to the sense of self. Therefore the voice-in-training is intimately shaped by the body and embodiment. The student’s voice as gestural routine becomes an auditory marker of his/her identity. The entry-level theatre voice teacher should develop skills to pedagogically and ethically facilitate the training of the ‘dichotomized voice’.National Research Foundation of South Africa: N00421 (UID) 85837.http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rthj202016-11-30hb201

Hemorroidectomia híbrida: uma nova abordagem no tratamento das hemorróidas mistas Hybrid hemorrhoidectomy: a new approach in the treatment of hemorrhoids

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma nova abordagem mini-invasiva das Hemorróidas Mistas, a Hemorroidectomia Híbrida, que consiste na associação da Ligadura Elástica (LE) das Hemorróidas Internas com a ressecção complementar dos Plicomas Externos sob anestesia local. Num universo de 326 cirurgias orificiais realizadas na Proctoclínica num período de 4 anos, 300 (92%) foram submetidos a procedimentos mini-invasivos, 223 (68,40%) foram submetidos a LE como tratamento exclusivo e 77 (23,60%) à Hemoirroidectomia Híbrida) e 26 (8%) foram submetidos a outros procedimentos cirúrgicos (Hemorroidectomias a Milligan-Morgan, Fistulectomias etc. A abordagem proposta permite absenteísmo mínimo ao trabalho, mini-invasividade e baixa morbidade pós-operatória, ressaltando-se ainda a realização ambulatorial, excelente tolerabilidade e baixos custos.<br>The goal of this work is to present a new mini-invasive approach of the Internal and External Hemorrhoids Treatment, the Hybrid Hemorrhoidectomy, that consists of an association of the Rubber Band Ligation (RBL) of the Internal Hemorrhoids with complementary withdraw of the External Piles under local anesthesia. In a universe of 326 anal surgeries carried through in Proctoclínica in a period of 4 years, a number of 300 patients (92%) had been submitted to mini-invasive procedures (223 (68,40%) had been submitted to RBL as exclusive treatment and 77 (23,60%) to Hybrid Hemorrhoidectomy) and 26 patients (8%) had been submitted to other surgical procedures (Hemorrhoidectomy Milligan-Morgan, Fistulectomy, etc.) The proposal approach allows minimum absenteism to the work, mini-invasivity and low pos-operative morbidity with the advantage of office and outpatient procedures, excellent tolerability and low costs