A comparative analysis of graphical interaction and logistic regression modelling: self-care and coping with a chronic illness in later life

Quantitative research especially in the social, but also in the biological sciences has been limited by the availability and applicability of analytic techniques that elaborate interactions among behaviours, treatment effects, and mediating variables. This gap has been filled by a newly developed statistical technique, known as graphical interaction modelling. The merit of graphical models for analyzing highly structured data is explored in this paper by an empirical study on coping with a chronic condition as a function of interrelationships between three sets of factors. These include background factors, illness context factors and four self--care practices. Based on a graphical chain model, the direct and indirect dependencies are revealed and discussed in comparison to the results obtained from a simple logistic regression model ignoring possible interaction effects. Both techniques are introduced from a more tutorial point of view instead of going far into technical details

An Evaluation of the Physical Education Program at Prairie View University Prairie View, Texas

The purpose of this study: First, to analyze and evaluate the Physical Education Program at Prairie View University; second, to formulate a standard for judging this type of program; and third, to recommend a workable program for Prairie View. It is the writer\u27s hope that the formulation will be helpful as a guide for organizing programs and departments now rendering only limited service. The evaluation will attempt to show the favorable and unfavorable conditions, offering suggested revisions so that available facilities for the latter will better serve pupils who probably are being denied privileges to which they are entitled. Contrary to what may be the first impression on reading the title of the study, research has been unduly handicapped by lack of a rich primary source of material. This lack, a challenge in itself, has limited the writer to meager findings, but it has been found that the program at Prairie View has been of a peculiar sort in its origin and development which follows a similar pattern of the origin and development of physical education in the United States. The American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation is the result of a merger of the American Physical Education Association and the Department of School Health and Physical Education of the National Education Association in 1939. The Department of School Health and Physical Education had its beginning as the Department of Child Study. The name of the American Association was changed to American Physical Education Association. The association publishes The Journal of Health and Physical Education and The Research Quarterly.1 Youth, in the American Democracy today, face a world shaken and torn by the chaotic aftermath of a great world conflict. Education alone stands solid in the face of mounting odds from economic and social confusion. Personal and human shortages are to be dealt with as well as economic and social shortcomings. Our common joys and communities furnish a source for health, physical education and recreation helping them to play a greater part in our lives. In this study the writer tries not only to show the favorable conditions that exist but attempts to relate constructive suggestions from time to time as a result of his findings. The need of a new and revised program is evident. Ever changing conditions demand a flexible program that will cope with any situation that may arise. The sudden change of Prairie View College to a University created a bigger strain on the Physical Education Department. This department had many problems in serving the college. Now it finds that it must raise itself to a University level. 1. The National Education Association, Addresses and Proceedings, (Indianapolis, 1943, vol. 81,) pp. 83-84

Does Exercise Decrease the Level of Anxiety in Adults?

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Does exercise decrease the level of anxiety in adults?” Study Design: A systematic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were peer reviewed and published between 2016 and 2020. Data Sources: All articles were published in peer-reviewed journals. Two of the RCTs were researched using Pubmed and one RCT was found using Academic Search Premier, AMED. All studies were selected based on applicability to the clinical question presented in the objective, and if the researched outcomes were patient oriented. Outcome Measured: A reduction in anxiety level was the outcome measured in all three studies. The outcomes were measured using three different scales: Hamilton Inventories for Anxiety (Ham-A), Anxiety-DASS-21 subscale, and Chinese Mandarin Version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form (CMSTAI-Y) scores. Results: In the RCT lead by Plag et al., high intensity interval training (HIIT) and low intensity training (LIT) were statistically significant for anxiety reduction (p\u3c0.01) when comparing the mean (standard deviation) Ham-A scores from baseline to post-test to follow-up. The effect size was large (F=65.56) and about double in HIIT compared to LIT. De Manincor et al. produced results that were not clinically significant in reducing anxiety when yoga was implemented for exercise. The study was found to have a p-value of .16, an adjusted mean difference (AMD) of - 1.91, and a confidence interval (CI) of -4.58 to .76. Ma et al. had a significant reduction in state anxiety (F=9.35, p=.000) and trait anxiety (F= 6.18, p= .003). Conclusion: The evidence of this systematic review is inconclusive. Plag et al. and Ma et al. both yielded significant data (p-value \u3c.01) supporting that their exercise interventions, six 20-minute HIIT sessions and a 6 week home-based exercise program respectively, helped reduce anxiety in adults. De Manincor et al. did not have significant data (p=.16) to prove that their exercise intervention, yoga, reduced anxiety levels. Future studies should be conducted to investigate other exercise alternatives and repeat studies with a larger treatment population

Living Arrangement Choices Among The Elderly: A Decision-making Approach

This research investigates the determinants of living arrangements among non-institutionalized elderly. More specifically, it explores the factors which differentiate elderly persons living alone, living with spouse, and living with other persons, e.g. son or daughter, sibling etc. These factors are organized in terms of a decision-making framework developed from micro-economic and demographic theory. The framework is modelled after Dixon\u27s (1978), where marriage patterns are viewed as the result of economic feasibility, demographic availability of mates and desirability of mates. Choice of a living arrangement is seen as the product of underlying norms and preferences, a set of socio-demographic factors, and constraints on choice.;Much previous research on this general topic has relied on census data, which did not provide direct measures of relevant factors such as physical health or attitudes towards residential arrangements. This dissertation uses data from 454 personal interviews drawn from a stratified random sample of persons 65 and over living in private households in London, Ontario.;Data analysis indicates that the decision of whom to live with is influenced by several of the variables defined in terms of the theoretical framework. For the present sample, the most important factors are the social norms and personal preferences of the respondents. Of these, a preference for independence and to a lesser degree, privacy, surface as the strongest predictors of living arrangements. Being able to do what one wants without outside interference tends to be viewed by older persons as a very important household good. The analysis also suggests that the constraining effects of past fertility, physical strength and mobility, domestic competence, and informal support and family characteristics are, to a lesser degree, also important. In addition, several socio-demographic variables (e.g., education, ethnicity, age and sex) arise as significant predictors of living arrangements. Part of their effect on living arrangements operates through preferences and constraints

Progressive accommodation for seniors : interfacing shelter and services

The purpose of this book is to explore the reasons why clients, agencies and governments are considering options that blend shelter and care, the barriers impeding their development and how these have or may be overcome at both the policy and the practice level. New ways of measuring person-environment fit and the potential of maximizing it via enabling technologies are also examined. The target readership includes researchers, architects, policy makers, developers, care providers and operators of existing seniors housing, all of whom can benefit from a better understanding of the multiple issues involved in interfacing shelter and services.TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction / Gloria M. Gutman and Andrew V. Wister; Part I: Changing Clients, Economics and Expectations in Housing for Seniors: Chapter 1- Current Demographics and Living Arrangements of Canada\u27s Elderly / Gordon E. Priest; Chapter 2- Choice, Control, and the Right to Age in Place / Veronica Doyle. Part II: Problems in Providing Service within Existing Seniors Housing: Chapter 3- Current Realities and Challenges in Providing Services to Seniors: The Home Care Perspective / Lois Borden and Joan McGregor; Chapter 4 - Difficulties in Providing Support Services in Buildings Constructed Under Shelter-Only Housing Policies / Reg Appleyard. Part III: Transcending Barriers to Combining Shelter and Services: Chapter 5- Public, Private and Non-Profit Partnerships: The CCPPPH Link / C.W. Lusk; Chapter 6- Group Homes: The Swedish Model of Care for Persons with Dementia of the Alzheimer\u27s Type / Elaine Gallagher; Chapter 7- Supportive Housing for Elderly Persons in Ontario / Garry Baker; Chapter 8- Social Policy Models for Shelter and Services: An International Perspective / Satya Brink. Part IV: Measuring and Maximizing Person-Environment Fit: Chapter 9- Measuring Person-Environment Fit Among Frail Older Adults Using Video / Andrew V. Wister and James R. Watzke; Chapter 10- Assessing the Client\u27s Perception of Person-Environment Fit Using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure / Anne Carswell. Part V: Enabling Technologies in Housing for Seniors: Chapter 11- Personal Response Systems: Canadian Data on Subscribers and Alarms / James R. Watzke; Chapter 12- Older Adults\u27 Response to Automated Environmental Control Devices / James R. Watzke and Gary Birch; Chapter 13- Use and Potential Use of Assistive Devices by Home-Based Seniors / William C. Mann; Chapter 14 - Necessary Elements of a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Technical Aids for the Elderly / George Abrahamsohn, Gloria M. Gutman and Andrew V. Wister; Chapter 15- Bridging the Technology Gap - The Links Between Research, Development, Production and Policy for Products Supporting Independent Living / Satya Brin

Health promotion for older Canadians : knowledge gaps and research needs

INTRODUCTION; 1. Potentials and Pitfalls in Evaluating Nutrition and Nutrition Interventions in Older Adults / Helene Payette; 2. The Effectiveness of Exercise Programs for Osteoporotic Women / Gina Bravo; 3. Health Promotion Among Older Persons with Direct and Personal Experience of the Mental Health System / Joseph A Tindale & Susan Hardie; 4. Evaluating Self-Help and Mutual Aid Programs for Older Canadians / Joan Norris, Adam Davey & Stephanie Kuiack; 5. Health Promotion Research for Older Canadians: Priorities from a Community Health Unit Perspective / Nancy Hall; 6. Evaluation of the "Living Well" Health Promotion Program for Older Adults / Dorothy Craig & Carol Timmings; 7. Using Large Data Sets to Study Health Promotion for Older Adults / Andrew Wister & Gloria Gutman; 8. Priorities for Health Promotion and Aging Research in Canada: Discussion and Recommendations / Andrew Wister & Gloria Gutman; AUTHORS\u27 BIOGRAPHIES; FRENCH ABSTRACT