From the mountains to the prairies and beyond the pale : American yodeling on early recordings

This sound review surveys yodeling in North American popular music, beginning with some of the earliest recordings on which it is featured. In order to better contextualize the recordings, I will also mention a few examples of sheet music with yodeling—items which are generally overlooked. My intention is to question why yodeling became attached to particular genres and how it functions in the construction of those genres. Indeed, two popular music genres—so-called hillbilly music and cowboy or Western music—made yodeling an important, if not identifying, component. The focus here is on yodeling’s connotations and associations and how these established expressive relationships between the moods, personae, and images of the songs

Microwave dichroic plate

A dichroic plate for microwave energy includes an array of interlaced crossed slots or dipole elements. Each of the elements includes first and second crossed arms that are at approximately right angles to each other and aligned with X and Y axes. The elements are arranged so that the centers thereof are aligned parallel to the X and Y axes to form columns and rows, and the interlacing is such that a line between the centers of all adjacent elements has nonzero, differing components relative to the X and Y axes. In one embodiment, the spacing between adjacent arms of different, adjacent elements is the same along the X and Y axes, while in a second embodiment, the spacing between similarly directed arms of adjacent elements differs from the spacing between oppositely directed arms of adjacent elements

Quasiconvexity and relatively hyperbolic groups that split

We explore the combination theorem for a group G splitting as a graph of relatively hyperbolic groups. Using the fine graph approach to relative hyperbolicity, we find short proofs of the relative hyperbolicity of G under certain conditions. We then provide a criterion for the relative quasiconvexity of a subgroup H depending on the relative quasiconvexity of the intersection of H with the vertex groups of G. We give an application towards local relative quasiconvexity