Echocardiography parameters used in identifying right ventricle dysfunction in preterm infants with early bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A scoping review

BackgroundBronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic condition that affects preterm infants and is associated with long-term complications. Haemodynamic effects of BPD can lead to right ventricular (RV) dysfunction.ObjectiveTo synthesise and map the evidence of echo parameters used in identifying RV dysfunction in the first two weeks-after-birth (WAB) of preterm infants with early BPD.Information SourcesThis scoping review included the databases: Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, JBI Evidence-Based Practise and Gray Literature.Search StrategyThe search utilised Boolean operators and descriptors registered in Medical Subject Headings.Inclusion and exclusion criteriaIncluded were studies utilising echo parameters to examine RV function in preterm infants with early BPD in the first two WAB.Synthesis of resultsThe results are presented as a map of the extracted findings in a tabular format with a narrative summary.ResultsEight studies were included. Differences were observed in the number and timing of echo scans performed in the first two WAB and the variations in the echo parameters used to compare preterm infants with and without early BPD. Only echo scans performed at the end of the first WAB, demonstrated significant differences in the echo parameters measurements between preterm infants with and without BPD. Studies using RV Myocardial Performance Index (MPI) to identify RV-dysfunction associated with early BPD demonstrated similar findings. The Pulsed-Wave Doppler technique identified differences in RV-MPI between preterm infants with and without BPD, while Tissue-Doppler-Imaging did not demonstrate similar results. Speckle tracking can measure strain (S) and strain rate (SR) and diagnose RV-dysfunction. However, the findings of studies that utilised speckle tracking varied. Finally, two of the included studies added blood tests to their diagnostic model of early BPD, which was able to demonstrate significant differences in blood test results between BPD-affected and control preterm infants.ConclusionBPD could adversely affect the myocardium function of the RV; these negative influences can be captured in the first two WAB. However, there are still knowledge gaps regarding the appropriate number, timing and the most suitable echo parameters to assess RV function

STATIC PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF VORTEX RATE SENSOR

The vortex rate sensor is a fluidic gyroscope with no moving parts and can be used in very difficult conditions like radiation, high temperature and noise with minimum cost of manufacturing and maintenance. A vortex rate sensor made of wood has been designed and manufactured to study theoretically and experimentally its static performance .A rig has been built to carry out the study, the test carried out with three different air flow rates (100, 150, and 200 l/min).The results show that the relation between the differential pressure taken from the sensor pickoff points and the angular velocity of the sensor was linear.The present work involved theoretical and experimental study of vortex rate sensor static characteristics .Vortex rate sensor has been designed and manufactured with dimensions-: Radius of vortex chamber= 140 mm, Radius of sink tube rs= 4.5 mm, the pickoff hole diameter = 2mm, Height of vortex chamber b= 19 mm, Height of pickoff pipe h= 25 mm

A new model for study of quality attributes to components based development approach

Software development costs, time-to release and quality product are important factors affecting the construction of software. Different types of tools and techniques are suggested by researchers to improve in delivering quality software systems with lower cost and reduce time to delivery. One such practice is development of software using Component Based Software Development (CBSD) techniques[1]. CBSD recommended building software systems using existing reusable components, instead of writing from scratch. The main objective of CBSD is to writes once and reuse any number of time with no or modification. Some of the advantages that a company may available by adapting CBSD for the Software development are shorter development time which results in meet tight dead line, increase productivity and Quality Product. CBSD also, support reusability[3]. The aim of this paper is to develop the new model of software product and describe the characteristics of some selected of attributes of CBSD models that are widely practiced in software industries with explain about IT project. We proposed a complete model for Component Based Software Development for reuse. This Model will cover both component based software development as well as Component development phases for A-Model. This Model is represent one good solution for Component Based Development with reduce cost and time to deliverable and save the quality of produc