Fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements are most closely associated with allergic sensitization in school-age children

Background: Factors affecting fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in early childhood are incompletely understood. Objective: To examine the relationships between FeNO and allergic sensitization, total IgE, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, asthma, and lung function (spirometry) in children. Methods: Children at high risk of asthma and other allergic diseases because of parental history were enrolled at birth and followed prospectively. FeNO was measured by an online technique at ages 6 and 8 years. Relationships among FeNO, various atopic characteristics, and asthma were evaluated. Results: Reproducible FeNO measurements were obtained in 64% (135/210) of 6-year-old and 93% (180/194) of 8-year-old children. There was seasonal variability in FeNO. Children with aeroallergen sensitization at ages 6 and 8 years had increased levels of FeNO compared with those not sensitized (geometric mean; 6 years, 10.9 vs 6.7 parts per billion [ppb], P < .0001; 8 years, 14.6 vs 7.1 ppb, P < .0001). FeNO was higher in children with asthma than in those without asthma at 8 years but not 6 years of age (6 years, 9.2 vs 8.3 ppb, P 5 .48; 8 years, 11.5 vs 9.2 ppb, P 5 .03). At 8 years of age, this difference was no longer significant in a multivariate model that included aeroallerge

Rhinovirus illnesses during infancy predict subsequent childhood wheezing

Background: The contribution of viral respiratory infections during infancy to the development of subsequent wheezing and/ or allergic diseases in early childhood is not established. Objective: To evaluate these relationships prospectively from birth to 3 years of age in 285 children genetically at high risk for developing allergic respiratory diseases. Methods: By using nasal lavage, the relationship of timing, severity, and etiology of viral respiratory infections during infancy to wheezing in the 3rd year of life was evaluated. In addition, genetic and environmental factors that could modify risk of infections and wheezing prevalence were analyzed. Results: Risk factors for 3rd year wheezing were passive smoke exposure (odds ratio [OR] 5 2.1), older siblings (OR 5 2.5), allergic sensitization to foods at age 1 year (OR 5 2.0), any moderate to severe respiratory illness without wheezing during infancy (OR 5 3.6), and at least 1 wheezing illness with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; OR 5 3.0), rhinovirus (OR 5 10) and/or non-rhinovirus/RSV pathogens (OR 5 3.9) during infancy. When viral etiology was considered, 1st-year wheezing illnesses caused by rhinovirus infection were the strongest predictor of subsequent 3rd year wheezing (OR 5 6.6; P < .0001). Moreover, 63% of infants who wheezed during rhinovirus seasons continued to wheeze in the 3rd year of life, compared with only 20% of all other infants (OR 5 6.6; P < .0001). Conclusion: In this population of children at increased risk of developing allergies and asthma, the most significant risk factor for the development of preschool childhood wheezing is the occurrence of symptomatic rhinovirus illnesses during infancy that are clinically and prognostically informative based on their seasonal nature. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;116:571-7.

City of Madison

Shows local streets, roads, highways, railroads, University of Wisconsin, Shorewood Hills, Middleton, Pheasant Branch, Monona, Maple Bluff, Truax Field, McFarland, Lake Mendota, Lake Monona, Lake Wingra, and part of Lake Waubesa ; Indexed by street name and points of interest ; "50M-8-68."Color1:28,65

Madison, Wisconsin 1967

Color;approximately 1:24,00

City of Madison 1966 / Madison Engineering Dept

Includes index.Grayscale1:29,00

Map of Madison, Wisconsin: showing all streets, shorelines and city sub-divisions / Edgewater

Includes Index.; Text, ill., advertisement, parking location map, and ancillary map of the greater Madison highway system on verso.Color;approximately 1:29,00

Madison, Wisconsin 1971

Indexed by street name and points of interest ; Shows local streets, roads, highways, railroads, University of Wisconsin, Shorewood Hills, Middleton, Pheasant Branch, Monona, Maple Bluff, Truax Field, McFarland, Lake Mendota, Lake Monona, Lake Wingra, and part of Lake WaubesaColor1:30,178

Manual of printing and type style.

Mode of access: Internet

Wisconsin day. May 29th. Upon this day in 1848 Wisconsin was admitted to the Union of states ... The history of Wisconsin should be read in detail, but here are a few leading events ... [Seal of Wisconsin Free Library Commission, Madison, Wis.]

On verso: P. Wisconsin Free Library Commission.Page Order: Folde