CHEMICAL, CLINICAL, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTS OF HUMAN PLASMA FRACTIONATION. XXXIX. THE ANEMIA OF INFECTION. STUDIES ON THE IRON-BINDING CAPACITY OF SERUM 1

It has been generally recognized since Barkan's original observations in 1929 (1) that the iron in serum is non-dialyzable and non-ultrafilterable at pH 7.3 and, therefore, is probably protein-bound (2-4). To which of the serum proteins the iron is bound was not clearly established until recently. Earlier work indicated that half-saturation with ammonium sulfate precipitated serum iron quantitatively together with the globulins (5). Vahlquist (4) with the aid of the electrophoretic technique concluded that the iron in serum is bound to both albumin and globulin, the a and ,3 globulins serving as the principal carriers. Following their demonstration of a protein component in raw egg white capable of binding iron (6), Schade and Caroline investigated various fractions of human plasma prepared by E. J. Cohn and his associates for a similar property (7) and discovered that, qualitatively, Fraction IV-3, 4 was active in this respect, as shown by biological and colorimetric tests. lin is 90,000, the iron content of the iron-protein complex is 0.125 per cent. Studies over a wide range of pH have revealed that at neutral pH the iron is non-dialyzable whereas at pH 5 the iron becomes dialyzable

Understanding Terrorist Organizations with a Dynamic Model

Terrorist organizations change over time because of processes such as recruitment and training as well as counter-terrorism (CT) measures, but the effects of these processes are typically studied qualitatively and in separation from each other. Seeking a more quantitative and integrated understanding, we constructed a simple dynamic model where equations describe how these processes change an organization's membership. Analysis of the model yields a number of intuitive as well as novel findings. Most importantly it becomes possible to predict whether counter-terrorism measures would be sufficient to defeat the organization. Furthermore, we can prove in general that an organization would collapse if its strength and its pool of foot soldiers decline simultaneously. In contrast, a simultaneous decline in its strength and its pool of leaders is often insufficient and short-termed. These results and other like them demonstrate the great potential of dynamic models for informing terrorism scholarship and counter-terrorism policy making.Comment: To appear as Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science v2: vectorized 4 figures, fixed two typos, more detailed bibliograph