Bildgebung beim Schlaganfall

In recent decades, imaging has become indispensable for the diagnosis and therapy of stroke. It provides information necessary to distinguish between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, to identify the cause of the symptoms and to determine the time of stroke. Increasingly, imaging is being used as a tool for making optimal therapeutic decisions. In particular, the advent and success of mechanical thrombectomy has significantly changed the management of patients with ischemic stroke. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow for identifying patients who may benefit from revascularizing therapy, even outside the previously valid, dogmatic time windows. Advances in imaging modalities both in CT and MRI, allow for identifying salvageable brain tissue, independent from the time factor, advocating individualized decision making for optimal therapy and prognosis. The choice of the appropriate imaging modality depends on several criteria, such as suspected and differential diagnosis, urgency, patient age and availability of the scanner

Conventional Radiography

The field of radiology was established in 1985 with the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. Although conventional X-rays today play only a minor role in diagnostic neuroradiology, computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography are based on this X-ray technology. This chapter describes the technical background as well as clinical applications of conventional radiography in diagnostic neuroradiology

Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM)

Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) can be seen as subfield of diffusion MRI. It allows tissue microcirculation (perfusion) to be investigated in addition to tissue microstructure (from molecular diffusion). IVIM MRI does not require the application of contrast agents; therefore, it serves as an interesting alternative to perfusion MRI in pediatric patients or in patients with contraindications for contrast agents. This chapter points out the technical background of IVIM including its physical principles, the processing of IVIM data, and the comparison to classical perfusion imaging techniques. Clinical applications of IVIM are given among others for ischemic stroke imaging, brain tumor imaging, and imaging of head and neck pathologies

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present