Periode Kritis Pengendalian Gulma Pada Tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.): Critical periode of weed control in Zea mays L

Gulma sangat merugikan pada tanaman jagung karena kompetisi terhadap cahaya, air dan unsure hara. Kompetisi tersebut dapat terjadi pada awal tanam hingga menjelang panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan periode kritis pengendalian gulma pada tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan bekas pertanaman jagung Tanjung Sari, kecamatan Medan Selayang. Parameter pengamatan yaitu tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, bobot kering jagung pipil per sampel, bobot kering jagung pipil per plot, bobot 100 biji jagung, nilai indeks panen, kerapatan gulma, tinggi gulma, dan bobot kering gulma. Ada 12 perlakuan yang diuji, masing-masing yaitu bebas gulma 2 minggu setelah tanam : P1, bebas gulma 4 minggu setelah tanam : P2, bebas gulma 6 minggu setelah tanam : P3, bebas gulma 8 minggu setelah tanam : P4, bebas gulma 10 minggu setelah tanam : P5, bebas gulma sampai panen : P6, bergulma 2 minggu setelah tanam : P7, bergulma 4 minggu setelah tanam : P8, bergulma 6 minggu setelah tanam : P9, bergulma 8 minggu setelah tanam : P10, bergulma 10 minggu setelah tanam : P11, bergulma sampai panen (tidak disiangi) : P12. Perlakuan-perlakuan tersebut disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu penyiangan pada tanaman jagung berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, bobot kering jagung pipil per sampel, nilai indeks panen dan bobot kering jagung pipil per plot, tetapi berpengaruh nyata pada bobot 100 biji. Gulma yang paling dominan terdapat pada lahan penelitian adalah gulma Eleusine indica. Periode kritis pada jagung terdapat pada umur 21 hari sampai 28 hari setelah tanam.   Weeds are really making disadvantages on corn (Zea mays L.). Since they compete to obtain light, water and nutrient. The competition may occur in the beginning until the harvesting time. The aims of this research is to determinate the critical periode of weed control on corn (Zea mays L.). The present study was conducted at exfarming field of corn, Tanjung Sari, Medan selayang. Variable factor being observed were plant height, initiation time of flower, dry weight of grain per sample, dry weight of grains per plot, weight of 100 corn grains, value harvesting indeks, height of weeds, dry weight of weeds and density of weeds. There were 12 treatments conducted, no weeds 2 week after planting : P1, no weeds 4 week after planting : P2, no weeds 6 week after planting : P3, no weeds 8 week after planting : P4, no weeds 10 week after planting : P5, no weeds are found till the harvesting time : P6, weedy until 2 week after planting : P7, weedy until 4 week after planting : P8, weedy until 6 week after planting : P9, weedy until 8 week after planting : P10, weedy until 10 week after planting : P11, weedy until the harvesting time : P12. The treatment were arranged in a randomized block design with three replication. The result showed that the weeding time for corn has non significantly affected to the plant height, dry weight of grains per sample, value harvesting indeks and dry weight of grains per plot, but significantly affected to the weight of 100 grain of corn.The filed of research was dominated by Eleusine indica. The critical periode of corn was happened of 21 day after planting up to 28 days after planting