Ein optisches Frequenznormal mit kalten und ultrakalten Atomen

The work presented here was concerned with the development and characterization of an optical frequency standard based on laser-cooled "4"0Ca atoms. For the realization of such a standard the frequency of a laser is stabilized to the narrow line of the clock transition of calcium at 657 nm. A frequency standard with cold Ca atoms at a temperature of 3 mK has been realized within the scope of the work. Furthermore, first experimental investigations regarding the application of ultracold atoms with a temperature of below 10 #mu#K have been performed. These investigations aimed at the improvement of stability as well as uncertainty of the Ca frequency standard. In the first part of the work, a new trap-apparatus was developed and used to investigate systematic errors with a relative uncertainty of 1 x 10"-"1"4. In the second part of the work, first atom interferometric investigations using ultracold atoms (temperature #theta##approx#10 #mu#K) showed their potential in the Ca optical frequency standard. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RA 3254(66) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman