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The nature of Bell's palsy: its aetiology, and the role of Herpes simplex virus

This thesis aims to investigate the nature and aetiology of Bell's palsy by studying its natural history and epidemiology in general practice, and by means of virological studies.This thesis is concerned principally with testing the first part (sentence) of this hypothesis.A new hypothesis is outlined of the aetiology of Bell's palsy which provides a framework for the investigations:-"Bell's palsy is due to a reactivation of HSV in the geniculate ganglion. During this process, neurotransmitters (opioid peptides) and interferon are produced. These cause local vaso-dilation and damage, particularly to the suprageniculate part of the facial nerve."This thesis is concerned principally with testing the first part (sentence) of this hypothesis.The virological studies set out to examine a possible role for HSV in Bell's palsy, which is contingent on the belief that HSV is normally resident or resident to some degree in the geniculate ganglia of the general population. The evidence of the DNA/DNA hybridization study suggests that HSV may be ubiquitously present in human cadaveric geni¬ culate ganglia. From these a substantial proportion might be expected to reactivate. In contrast the observed incidence of Bell's palsy in the descriptive study of 16.4 per 100,000 per year suggests that if HSV is a cause the mere occurrence of reactivation is an inadequate explanation of the disease mechanism.The epidemiological studies describe Bell's palsy in British general practice where cases are less strongly selected than in hospital studies. By means of a case-control study and match-pair analysis further inves¬ tigations are made as to the effect of different factors including various types of stress in the aetiology of Bell's palsy. The results of these studies suggest numerous aetiological agents,of particular relevance to the hypothesis are genetic factors, states of increased "stress" and opioid "sensivity", which are discussed.In conclusion the balance of evidence is compatible with the proposed hypothesis, which in the author's opinion justifies further research, especially since it carries treatment implications

Potent Attractant for Root-Knot Nematodes in Exudates from Seedling Root Tips of Two Host Species.

Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) can parasitize over 2,000 plant species and are generally considered to be the most agriculturally damaging group of plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide. Infective juveniles (J2) are non-feeding and must locate and invade a host before their reserves are depleted. However, what attracts J2 to appropriate root entry sites is not known. An aim of this research is to identify semiochemicals that attract RKN to roots. J2 of the three RKN species tested are highly attracted to root tips of both tomato and Medicago truncatula. For both hosts, mutants defective in ethylene signaling were found to be more attractive than those of wild type. We determined that cell-free exudates collected from tomato and M. truncatula seedling root tips were highly attractive to M. javanica J2. Using a pluronic gel-based microassay to monitor chemical fractionation, we determined that for both plant species the active component fractionated similarly and had a mass of ~400 based on size-exclusion chromatography. This characterization is a first step toward identification of a potent and specific attractant from host roots that attracts RKN. Such a compound is potentially a valuable tool for developing novel and safe control strategies

The goitrous conditions of the thyroid gland

In presenting this study of the Pathology of Goitre I would like to make it clear that the work arose as a corollary to a more general inquiry into the problems of *Protein* disturbances both dietetic and inflammatory. The first observations were made, post mortem, on children that had died from unexplained causes after a tentative clinical diagnosis of dietetic disturbance varying from anaphylaxis to diarrhoea and vomiting. It became apparent that children could be placed in one of three groups: — normal, lymphoid, or alymphoid, if attention were directed to the thymus, spleen, pyloric mucosa, appendix and tonsils (faucial and pharyngeal). Associated with this there appeared in certain sites in the peritoneum (pyloric and caeco-appendicular) changes in the fat tissue which seemed to vary in its lymphoid character with the thymus - perhaps like the thymus the range of its meta-trophy is between lymphocytes and fat - in an endothelial organ. From this attention was soon called to the thyroid gland, Graves' disease, and to the histopathology of appendicitis and gastric ulcer by reason of the constant lymphocytic reaction presented in these conditions

Cardiovascular consequences of cortisol excess

Cushing's syndrome is a consequence of primary or, more commonly, secondary oversecretion of cortisol. Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Cushing's syndrome, and excess risk remains even in effectively treated patients. The cardiovascular consequences of cortisol excess are protean and include, inter alia, elevation of blood pressure, truncal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. This review analyses the relationship of cortisol excess, both locally and at tissue level, to these cardiovascular risk factors, and to putative mechanisms for hypertension. Previous studies have examined correlations between cortisol, blood pressure, and other parameters in the general population and in Cushing's syndrome. This review also details changes induced by short-term cortisol administration in normotensive healthy men

General Orders, No. 14, issued by (C.S.A.) Major General Leonidas Polk and signed by George Williamson. Columbus, Kentucky, October 26, 1861.

General Orders, No. 14, issued by (C.S.A.) Major General Leonidas Polk and signed by George Williamson, detail the arrangements to be made regarding pickets and guard duty at the Headquarters First Division (C.S.A.), Columbus, Kentucky, October 26, 1861.https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnmss/1247/thumbnail.jp