Synchrony and conflict: the relationships among eating disordered attitudes, gender role orientation, and dating styles

College students were surveyed to explore the relationship between eating disordered attitudes, gender role, and dating style. Specifically, two theories regarding gender role were examined: femininity theory and discrepancy theory. The premise of femininity theory was supported in that femininetyped individuals were more likely to report eating disordered behaviors. In addition, a new measure of dating attitudes was created to provide an assessment of nontraditional dating attitudes; surprisingly not only did those scoring high on eating disordered behaviors also score low on nontraditional dating attitudes, but so did both feminine and androgynous individuals. The results underscore the complexity of the issues and provide even greater impetus for more fine-tuned studies of gender orientation

The Effects of Vocational Support Programs on Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to examine the effects of vocational support programs versus the absence of vocational support programs on employment rates, social skills, and quality of life of transition-aged youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders and related diagnoses. Methods: The CINAHL, Cochrane Collection Plus, Medline, PubMed, and UpToDate databases were searched for articles pertaining to our purpose statement. Four reviewers analyzed the articles for results and extracted data regarding sample characteristics, treatment characteristics, assessment tools, and outcomes. Results: Nine studies were included, all of which related to the effects of vocational support programs on individuals with ASD and related diagnoses. Conclusion: Across the board, data strongly suggested that vocational support interventions increased employment rates, improved social skills, and enhanced quality of life for individuals with ASD and related diagnoses

Telling Our Stories Together: How Universities and Community Partners Co-create Engaged Scholarship

The inspiration for this paper came from an informal discussion among engaged faculty scholars about the ways in which we created written scholarship with community partners. We realized that while our methods had similarities and differences, none of us had ever read an article on this subject. A subsequent search of the scholarship of engagement literature yielded little information regarding scholarship co-authored by faculty and community partners. Based on practices shared by engaged scholars and informed by an analysis of publications co-authored by community partners and faculty members in three well-known engagement journals, we developed a framework to describe how such written scholarship can be co-created. The framework features steps of the publication process (initiation, drafting, finalizing the draft, and submission and publication), and specifies a corresponding degree of collaboration (co-attribution, co-authoring, and co-writing) for each step. This framework is intended to provide context for the dissemination endeavors of partnerships between universities and communities, and to ensure that products of these partnerships are well-planned and accurately documented. It can be used in conjunction with other tools for dissemination efforts detailed in community-based participatory research approaches, also discussed here

Favorite Teacher or Worst Nightmare? Teachers who Crossed the Line

What kind of teacher sexually abuses her students? The current study, guided by critical theory, examines common characteristics of female high school teachers who sexually abuse their students. Extant research on teacher student relationships have found commonalities in the demographics of the offenders, their experience of adverse childhood experiences, common age of the victims, re-offense rates, and public perception of these types of crimes. The current study furthers previous research, by investigating their marital status at the time of the offense (married or not married), whether or not the offender has children, and school type (public or private). This study collected n=18 cases of female high school teachers in the state of Florida who are sexual offenders, and whose victims are their students. We have collected qualitative secondary data from news articles and investigative reports published by two websites: The Canadian Children’s Rights Council and The South Florida Sun Sentinel. Specific characteristics on each of the offenders were coded and inputted on Excel and data was analyzed using the phenomenological methodology. These characteristics include our three main constructs, in addition to offender as well as victim age. Results of the study will be discussed to help illuminate further common characteristics among these offenders, especially focusing on their relationship status, parental status, and school type in which they were employed at the time of the offense. Finally, implications on future research will be discussed

A Longitudinal Analysis of Violence and Housing Insecurity

Violence and housing insecurity are horrible events that may be intertwined, with violence possibly forcing victims to abandon their accommodations and housing insecurity depriving people of the safety of a home or placing them in compromised circumstances. This study uses national, prospective, longitudinal data from the Journeys Home Survey to examine how violence, housing insecurity, and other characteristics in one period affect disadvantaged Australian men's and women's chances of experiencing violence and housing insecurity in subsequent periods. The study is one of the first to investigate these relationships prospectively and unusual in considering how violence among adult men contributes to their housing insecurity. We estimate dynamic multivariate models that control for observed and time-invariant unobserved characteristics and find that men's chances of being housing secure without experiencing violence are 24-45 percent lower and women's chances are 12- 20 percent lower if they experienced housing insecurity, violence or both in the previous period. Heavy drinking, marijuana use, psychological distress, and a history of childhood abuse and neglect also increase the risks of violence and housing insecurity for both genders, while the presence of children reduces these risks. Women who are bisexual or lesbian and women with homeless friends also face elevated risks of housing insecurity, while men's sexual orientation and friend networks seem less relevant

Reactions to male‐favouring versus female‐favouring sex differences: A pre‐registered experiment and Southeast Asian replication

Two studies investigated: (1) how people react to research describing a sex difference, depending on whether that difference favours males or females; and (2) how accurately people can predict how the average man and woman will react. In Study 1, Western participants (N = 492) viewed a fictional popular-science article describing either a male-favouring or a female-favouring sex difference (i.e., men/women draw better; women/men lie more). Both sexes reacted less positively to the male-favouring differences, judging the findings to be less important, less credible, and more offensive, harmful, and upsetting. Participants predicted that the average man and woman would react more positively to sex differences favouring their own sex. This was true of the average woman, although the level of own-sex favouritism was lower than participants predicted. It was not true, however, of the average man, who – like the average woman – reacted more positively to the female-favouring differences. Study 2 replicated these findings in a Southeast Asian sample (N = 336). Our results are consistent with the idea that both sexes are more protective of women than men, but that both exaggerate the level of same-sex favouritism within each sex – a misconception that could potentially harm relations between the sexes. Link to published version: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bjop.1246

Adding 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy to postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a comparison of short-course versus no androgen deprivation therapy in the RADICALS-HD randomised controlled trial

Background Previous evidence indicates that adjuvant, short-course androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves metastasis-free survival when given with primary radiotherapy for intermediate-risk and high-risk localised prostate cancer. However, the value of ADT with postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy is unclear. Methods RADICALS-HD was an international randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of ADT used in combination with postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Key eligibility criteria were indication for radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen less than 5 ng/mL, absence of metastatic disease, and written consent. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to radiotherapy alone (no ADT) or radiotherapy with 6 months of ADT (short-course ADT), using monthly subcutaneous gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue injections, daily oral bicalutamide monotherapy 150 mg, or monthly subcutaneous degarelix. Randomisation was done centrally through minimisation with a random element, stratified by Gleason score, positive margins, radiotherapy timing, planned radiotherapy schedule, and planned type of ADT, in a computerised system. The allocated treatment was not masked. The primary outcome measure was metastasis-free survival, defined as distant metastasis arising from prostate cancer or death from any cause. Standard survival analysis methods were used, accounting for randomisation stratification factors. The trial had 80% power with two-sided α of 5% to detect an absolute increase in 10-year metastasis-free survival from 80% to 86% (hazard ratio [HR] 0·67). Analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN40814031, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00541047. Findings Between Nov 22, 2007, and June 29, 2015, 1480 patients (median age 66 years [IQR 61–69]) were randomly assigned to receive no ADT (n=737) or short-course ADT (n=743) in addition to postoperative radiotherapy at 121 centres in Canada, Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. With a median follow-up of 9·0 years (IQR 7·1–10·1), metastasis-free survival events were reported for 268 participants (142 in the no ADT group and 126 in the short-course ADT group; HR 0·886 [95% CI 0·688–1·140], p=0·35). 10-year metastasis-free survival was 79·2% (95% CI 75·4–82·5) in the no ADT group and 80·4% (76·6–83·6) in the short-course ADT group. Toxicity of grade 3 or higher was reported for 121 (17%) of 737 participants in the no ADT group and 100 (14%) of 743 in the short-course ADT group (p=0·15), with no treatment-related deaths. Interpretation Metastatic disease is uncommon following postoperative bed radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. Adding 6 months of ADT to this radiotherapy did not improve metastasis-free survival compared with no ADT. These findings do not support the use of short-course ADT with postoperative radiotherapy in this patient population