ENERGY BALANCE IN AREAS WITH DIFFERENT LAND USES IN THE CHAPADA DO ARARIPE

The objective of this work was to assess the energy balance components such as net radiation and sensible, latent and soil heat fluxes by using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm – SEBAL – through analyses of 13 Landsat 5-TM and Landsat 8-OLI images. The images were obtained from Image Processing Division (DGI) of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Brazil, and from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The meteorological data were obtained from the Barbalha automatic station provided by the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), Brazil. The study area is located around the Chapada do Araripe (Araripe Plateau) protected forest. Two points with distinct land uses, characterized by irrigated and bare soil areas, were chosen. The net radiation values for the irrigated area ranged from 600.0 to 727.7 W m-2 between the years 1993 and 2014. The soil heat flux values for the bare soil area increased from 52.0 to 94.9 W m-2. The majority of the analyzed images showed  sensible heat flux values below 300 W m-2 for the bare soil area. In all images, the average values of latent heat flux were greater than 500 W m-2 for the irrigated area. It is concluded that deforestation processes and intensification of agricultural exploitation that the plateau has been suffering over the years are the main reasons for decreasing latent heat flux values in bare soil area

ENERGY BALANCE IN AREAS WITH DIFFERENT LAND USES IN THE CHAPADA DO ARARIPE

The objective of this work was to assess the energy balance components such as net radiation and sensible, latent and soil heat fluxes by using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm – SEBAL – through analyses of 13 Landsat 5-TM and Landsat 8-OLI images. The images were obtained from Image Processing Division (DGI) of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Brazil, and from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The meteorological data were obtained from the Barbalha automatic station provided by the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), Brazil. The study area is located around the Chapada do Araripe (Araripe Plateau) protected forest. Two points with distinct land uses, characterized by irrigated and bare soil areas, were chosen. The net radiation values for the irrigated area ranged from 600.0 to 727.7 W m-2 between the years 1993 and 2014. The soil heat flux values for the bare soil area increased from 52.0 to 94.9 W m-2. The majority of the analyzed images showed  sensible heat flux values below 300 W m-2 for the bare soil area. In all images, the average values of latent heat flux were greater than 500 W m-2 for the irrigated area. It is concluded that deforestation processes and intensification of agricultural exploitation that the plateau has been suffering over the years are the main reasons for decreasing latent heat flux values in bare soil area

EFFECT OF THE SALINITY AND OF NITROGEN SOURCES IN THE MATTER DRIES OF THE SUNFLOWER

Conduziu-se o experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta da cultura do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), submetido a salinidade da água de irrigação e fontes de nitrogênio. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da combinação de cinco níveis de salinidade (0,5, 1,5, 2,5, 3,5 e 4,5 dS m-1) com três fontes de nitrogênio (uréia, sulfato de amônio e nitrato de cálcio). As plantas foram coletadas aos 40 dias após a semeadura. As características avaliadas foram: massa seca total, massa seca das folhas, das raízes, do caule e a relação massa seca da parte aérea/massa seca das raízes. O acúmulo de massa seca foi afetado significativamente pela salinidade, pelas fontes de nitrogênio e pela interação entre os fatores. Os diferentes órgãos das plantas responderam distintamente aos tratamentos aplicados. A aplicação de nitrogênio utilizando-se sulfato de amônio reduziu o efeito de elevada salinidade, mas o uso de uréia aumentou o nível de salinidade sem afetar a planta

Genotypes characterization of vegetable soybeans by using principal component analysis

This study presents the characterization of vegetable soybean genotypes. It was applied Principal Component Analysis considering the agronomics, nutritional and antinutritional features: number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, fresh weight of pods per plant (g), fresh weight of 100 seeds (g), estimated total yield of immature seeds (kg ha-1), moisture content, proteins, lipids, ash, carbohydrates, isoflavones and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. The experiments were developed in the sector of Olericultura and Plantas Aromático-Medicinais from UNESP-FCAV. The results showed that fresh weight of pods per plant, proteins content, number of pods per plant, fresh weight of 100 seeds, and moisture content were the relevant variables for the discrimination of the genotypes in the first principal component and for the second principal the component were ash content, proteins, number of pods per plant and lipids content. Accordingly, the genotypes JLM010, JLM024 and CNPSO1 were defined as relevant by the variables fresh weight of pods per plant, estimated total yield of immature seeds, number of pods per plant, carbohydrates content, isoflavones and proteins. It was concluded that it is a relevant result because these genotypes were considered candidates to be used in plant breeding programs.O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar genótipos de soja-hortaliça, por meio de características agronômicas, nutricionais e antinutricionais, utilizando-se a Análise de Componentes Principais. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo no Setor de Olericultura e Plantas Aromático-Medicinais na UNESP-FCAV. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco genótipos e quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se as variáveis: número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por vagem, massa fresca das vagens por planta (g), massa fresca de 100 sementes (g), produtividade total estimada de grãos imaturos (kg ha-1), teor de umidade, proteínas, lipídeos, cinzas, carboidratos, isoflavonas e inibidores de tripsina Kunitz. As variáveis que contribuíram na discriminação dos genótipos no primeiro componente principal foram: peso total de vagens por planta, teor de proteínas, número de vagens por planta, peso de 100 sementes e teor de umidade, enquanto que aquelas que contribuíram no segundo componente principal foram: teor de cinzas, proteínas, número de vagens por planta e teor de lipídeos. Os genótipos JLM010, JLM024 e CNPSO1, destacaram-se por serem influenciados pelo peso total de vagens por planta, produtividade estimada, número de vagens por planta, teor de carboidratos, isoflavonas e de proteínas, sendo considerados genótipos de soja-hortaliça com potencial para serem utilizados em programas de melhoramento genético vegetal

Responses of basil cultivars to irrigation water salinity

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to verify the response of basil cultivars to the salinity of irrigation water during the period from January 15 to March 20, 2013, in a greenhouse, at the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with treatments arranged in 2 x 4 factorial scheme, constituted of two cultivars of basil (‘Verde’ and ‘Roxo’) and four levels of irrigation water salinity (0.5; 2.0; 3.5 and 5.0 dS m-1), with four replicates. The plants were collected at 65 days after transplanting and the following variables were evaluated: stem diameter; plant height; number of stems and leaves; leaf area; dry matter of leaves, stems, roots, and total dry matter. The increase in salinity was detrimental to all variables evaluated in both cultivars, but the cultivar ‘Roxo’ proved to be more tolerant than the cultivar ‘Verde’. Both cultivars are tolerant to irrigation water salinity of up to 1.5 dS m-1