Effects of Toasting on Nutritional Value of Mesquite (Prosopis africana) Seeds and Its Utilization by Oreochromis niloticus Fingerlings

Nutritive value of mesquite (Prosopis african) seeds subjected to toasting processing method in the diet of  Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings was studied in an 84-day feeding trials. One hundred and twenty all male fingerlings of O. niloticus (5.53 ± 0.01 g) were stocked in triplicate and 4 iso-nitrogenous diets (35 % crude protein) were formulated using the toasted mesquite seed at 0 %, 15 %, 30 % and 45 % inclusion levels to replace soybean meal (SBM) in a completely randomized design (CRD). Proximate composition of the seed was significant (P < 0.05) on crude lipid, fiber and mineral content of mesquite seed.  Essential amino acids profile were differently affected. The anti-nutritional factor tannin and phyate were slightly reduced. The highest weight gain (5.32 g), specific growth rate (1.77 %day-1), feed conversion efficiency (0.71) protein efficiency ratio (2.02 %) and economic conversion ratio ($0.91 /kg) were observed in group fed diet I while diet 3 gave the least. Carcass proximate analysis showed high value for crude protein and ash content. Toasted mesquite seed meal could be exploited in the on-farm production of tilapia diet at 15 % inclusion level. Keywords: Mesquite seeds, toasting method, amino acids, nutrient utilization and Oreochromis niloticus. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/9-14-02 Publication date:July 31st 201

Evaluation of fermented African mesquite seed (Prosopis africana) on growth and nutrient digestibility of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings

Production of cheap and quality dietary protein to replace the expensive conventional protein was studied in an 84-day feeding trial of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. African mesquite (Prosopis africana) seeds were subjected to fermentation processes and four iso-nitrogenous diets (35% crude protein) were formulated to contain graded levels of fermented African mesquite seed meal (FMS) to replace soybean meal (SBM) at four inclusion levels (0%, 15%, 30% and 45%) replicated in a completely randomised design. Proximate analysis showed increased in crude protein (35.10% to 41.29%), amino acids concentration, minerals content (calcium and phosphorus) while there were reductions in crude fibre (7.79% to 2.13%), crude lipids (4.02% to 2.67%) and anti-nutritional factors of FMS. The highest protein digestibility of 83.35% was recorded in FMS30 while FMS15 showed the least (77.07%). Carcass compositions were affected by diets composition. The minimum feeding cost of US$0.88 kg−1 was registered in FMS45 while FMS15 recorded the highest value of US$ 1.37 kg−1. In conclusion, 45% of FMS could replace SBM without compromising growth performance of Nile tilapia

UPOTREBA SJEMENA FERMENTIRANOG MANGA (Mangifera indica) U HRANIDBI MLAĐI TILAPIJE (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study evaluated the use of fermented mango (Mangifera indica) seed meal (FMS) to substitute yellow maize in the practical diet for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (4.76±0.32 g). Five iso-nitrogeneous (35% crude protein) and approximately iso-energetic (3400 ME Kcal/kg) dietsin which yellow maize was replaced by FMSat 0% (FMS0/Control diet), 25% (FMS25), 50% (FMS50), 75% (FMS75) and 100% (FMS100) levels were formulated. The fish were fed on the diets at 5% body weight for 84 days. Alkaloids were highest (2.32%) among the anti-nutritional factors analyzed in FMS, while oxalate (0.84%) was lowest. Potassium was highest (8.91 mg/g) among the minerals, while copper was lowest (0.01 mg/g). Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were similar (p>0.05) in fish fed diets FMS0 and FMS50. The fish fed diet FMS0 had the highest protein efficiency ratio (1.88). Protein digestibility decreased (p0,05). Oblik hranidbe riba FMS0 imao je najveći omjer djelotvornih bjelančevina (1,88). Probavljivost bjelančevina smanjila se povećanjem dijetetskog FMS-a, dok se probavljivost ugljikohidrata povećala. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju mogućnost zamjene žutog kukuruza sjemenom fermentiranog manga u hrandibi tilapija do 50% bez da taj oblik hranidbe utječe na rast, iskoristivost nutritivnih sastojaka i probavljivost bjelančevina prilikom hranidbe mlađi tilapije

UPOTREBA SJEMENA FERMENTIRANOG MANGA (Mangifera indica) U HRANIDBI MLAĐI TILAPIJE (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study evaluated the use of fermented mango (Mangifera indica) seed meal (FMS) to substitute yellow maize in the practical diet for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (4.76±0.32 g). Five iso-nitrogeneous (35% crude protein) and approximately iso-energetic (3400 ME Kcal/kg) dietsin which yellow maize was replaced by FMSat 0% (FMS0/Control diet), 25% (FMS25), 50% (FMS50), 75% (FMS75) and 100% (FMS100) levels were formulated. The fish were fed on the diets at 5% body weight for 84 days. Alkaloids were highest (2.32%) among the anti-nutritional factors analyzed in FMS, while oxalate (0.84%) was lowest. Potassium was highest (8.91 mg/g) among the minerals, while copper was lowest (0.01 mg/g). Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were similar (p>0.05) in fish fed diets FMS0 and FMS50. The fish fed diet FMS0 had the highest protein efficiency ratio (1.88). Protein digestibility decreased (p0,05). Oblik hranidbe riba FMS0 imao je najveći omjer djelotvornih bjelančevina (1,88). Probavljivost bjelančevina smanjila se povećanjem dijetetskog FMS-a, dok se probavljivost ugljikohidrata povećala. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju mogućnost zamjene žutog kukuruza sjemenom fermentiranog manga u hrandibi tilapija do 50% bez da taj oblik hranidbe utječe na rast, iskoristivost nutritivnih sastojaka i probavljivost bjelančevina prilikom hranidbe mlađi tilapije

EVALUATION OF FERMENTED MANGO (Mangifera indica) SEED MEAL IN THE PRACTICAL DIET OF NILE TILAPIA, (Oreochromis niloticus) FINGERLINGS

This study evaluated the use of fermented mango (Mangifera indica) seed meal (FMS) to substitute yellow maize in the practical diet for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (4.76±0.32 g). Five iso-nitrogeneous (35% crude protein) and approximately iso-energetic (3400 ME Kcal/kg) dietsin which yellow maize was replaced by FMSat 0% (FMS0/Control diet), 25% (FMS25), 50% (FMS50), 75% (FMS75) and 100% (FMS100) levels were formulated. The fish were fed on the diets at 5% body weight for 84 days. Alkaloids were highest (2.32%) among the anti-nutritional factors analyzed in FMS, while oxalate (0.84%) was lowest. Potassium was highest (8.91 mg/g) among the minerals, while copper was lowest (0.01 mg/g). Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were similar (p>0.05) in fish fed diets FMS0 and FMS50. The fish fed diet FMS0 had the highest protein efficiency ratio (1.88). Protein digestibility decreased (p<0.05) as dietary FMS increased, while carbohydrate digestibility gave an inverse relationship. Results obtained show that FMS could replace yellow maize at 50% level without affecting growth, nutrient utilization and apparent protein digestibility in diets for Nile tilapia fingerlings