Changing Higher Education Learning with Web 2.0 and Open Education Citation, Annotation, and Thematic Coding Appendices

Appendices of citations, annotations and themes for research conducted on four websites: Delicious, Wikipedia, YouTube, and Facebook

Smoking Enhances Risk for New External Genital Warts in Men

Repeat episodes of HPV-related external genital warts reflect recurring or new infections. No study before has been sufficiently powered to delineate how tobacco use, prior history of EGWs and HIV infection affect the risk for new EGWs. Behavioral, laboratory and examination data for 2,835 Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants examined at 21,519 semi-annual visits were evaluated. Fourteen percent (391/2835) of men reported or were diagnosed with EGWs at 3% (675/21,519) of study visits. Multivariate analyses showed smoking, prior episodes of EGWs, HIV infection and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count among the infected, each differentially influenced the risk for new EGWs

Bone Morphogenetic Protein functions as a context-dependent angiogenic cue in vertebrates

Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling has been implicated in diverse biological processes. Although how BMP signaling regulates behaviors of endothelial cells during angiogenesis are not fully understood, increasing evidence indicate functions of BMP signaling components are essential in developmental and pathological angiogenesis. Here we review recent advances in delineating the functions of BMP signaling during angiogenesis. In addition, we discuss downstream pathways that transduce BMP signaling in endothelial cells, and factors that modulate BMP signaling response in endothelial cells. Finally, we provide recent insight on how BMP signaling functions as a context dependent angiogenic cue

Academic Librarians Examination of University Students’ and Faculty’s Perceptions of Open Educational Resources

A survey of 2,574 students and 1,157 faculty members across ten institutions of postsecondary education in the state of Utah was conducted by the Utah Academic Libraries Consortium. Survey items were created to understand the influence of textbook costs on student academic behavior and the viability of faculty adopting open educational resources (OER) as a solution to the cost of textbooks and the possible need for librarian support of OER. Two-year and four-year institutions were compared to identify differences that might exist between them. Most students felt that their academic success was negatively impacted by textbook cost, particularly at two-year institutions where students registered for fewer courses because of associated textbook costs. Faculty survey findings showed that adjunct professors were more likely to require a traditionally copyright-restricted textbook. Approximately 90% of participants indicated they would be willing to use suitable OER for their course, and almost half of survey participants expressed a desire for help finding these resources

Regulation of blood vessel sprouting

Blood vessels are essential conduits of nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. The formation of these vessels involves angiogenic sprouting, a complex process entailing highly integrated cell behaviors and signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss how endothelial cells initiate a vessel sprout through interactions with their environment and with one another, particularly through lateral inhibition. We review the composition of the local environment, which contains an initial set of guidance cues to facilitate the proper outward migration of the sprout as it emerges from a parent vessel. The long-range guidance and sprout stability cues provided by soluble molecules, extracellular matrix components, and interactions with other cell types are also discussed. We also examine emerging evidence for mechanisms that govern sprout fusion with its target and lumen formation

How Blood Vessel Networks Are Made and Measured

Tissue and organ viability depends on the proper systemic distribution of cells, nutrients, and oxygen through blood vessel networks. These networks arise in part via angiogenic sprouting. Vessel sprouting involves the precise coordination of several endothelial cell processes including cell-cell communication, cell migration, and proliferation. In this review, we discuss zebrafish and mammalian models of blood vessel sprouting and the quantification methods used to assess vessel sprouting and network formation in these models. We also review the mechanisms involved in angiogenic sprouting, and we propose that the process consists of distinct stages. Sprout initiation involves endothelial cell interactions with neighboring cells and the environment to establish a specialized tip cell responsible for leading the emerging sprout. Furthermore, local sprout guidance cues that spatially regulate this outward migration are discussed. We also examine subsequent events, such as sprout fusion and lumenization, that lead to maturation of a nascent sprout into a patent blood vessel

A national data system on elementary and secondary education

In the U.S., major changes in education information needs have resulted from widespread dissatisfaction with learning outcomes and dramatic changes in decision processes and policies. The inadequate quality of existing information has sharpened demands for improvement. This report, prepared for the U.S. Education Department, recommends a new national information system, with (a) sample micro-records for pupils, educational personnel, districts and schools --public and non-public, (b) coverage of family and community, pupils' educative difficulties, resources, goals, schooling process, and outcomes, and (c) accurate characterization of each state. The system should include state participation options, comprehensive data access and dissemination, and five-year phasing.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26962/1/0000529.pd

Modeling speed restrictions to mitigate lethal collisions between ships and whales

a b s t r a c t Collision with ships is a significant cause of mortality among endangered whales. Collision lethality increases with vessel speed and mitigation includes slowing ships in whale dense areas. The 2181 km 2 Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) is a site of numerous whale/ship collisions. To understand how speed reduction measures reduce lethal collisions, we used GIS to apply hypothetical speed reductions to observed ship traffic within SBNMS. During 2006, we collected complete AIS data from SBNMS vessel traffic. We created 1.85 km 2 (N = 810) grid cells covering SBNMS and determined each cell's predicted probability of lethality (PLETH) from the cell's mean speed and a mortality curve. We calculated average PLETH for the entire sanctuary (SPLETH), and used SPLETH to index status quo risk. We applied speed limits of 16, 14, 12, and 10 knots on transits and recalculated SPLETH for each scenario. Our analysis included 2,079,867 AIS points to derive 74,638 cell transits by 502 ships (>295 t). Sanctuary mean ship speed, by cell transit, was 13.5 knots (SD4.3, range 0.1-42.2). The choice of speed restriction had a major impact on SPLETH: 16 knots = À3.7%, 14 knots = À11%, 12 knots = À29.4%, 10 knots = À56.7%. The conservation benefit of speed restrictions is influenced by the status quo speed of ships from which risk must be reduced. As most areas lack such data our results can provide managers with a better understanding of how speed restrictions might reduce risk in their waters. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Influence of Stream Location in a Drainage Network on the Index of Biotic Integrity

The index of biotic integrity (IBI) has become a widely used tool for assessing the condition of stream fish communities and the overall biological status of streams. Because the location of a stream in a drainage network can influence the species richness offish communities and because species richness is an important component of the IBI, we examined the influence of stream spatial location on the IBI. We found that IBI scores for headwater streams in three Illinois drainage basins were significantly lower than those calculated for tributary streams of similar size connecting directly to larger streams. This difference in IBI was related to the increased species richness and to a greater number of sucker and darter species in tributaries that drain into larger, main‐channel streams. Because of the influence of tributary location on the IBI, expected values for headwater tributary streams should be developed independently from those developed for main‐channel tributary streams. Failure to do so can result in a substantial underestimation of the IBI of headwater tributary streams or an overestimation of main‐channel tributaries.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142315/1/tafs0635.pd