12 research outputs found
Which mechanism underlies the water-like anomalies in core-softened potentials?
Using molecular dynamics simulations we investigate the thermodynamic of
particles interacting with a continuous and a discrete versions of a
core-softened (CS) intermolecular potential composed by a repulsive shoulder.
Dynamic and structural properties are also analyzed by the simulations. We show
that in the continuous version of the CS potential the density at constant
pressure has a maximum for a certain temperature. Similarly the diffusion
constant, , at a constant temperature has a maximum at a density
and a minimum at a density
, and structural properties are also
anomalous. For the discrete CS potential none of these anomalies are observed.
The absence of anomalies in the discrete case and its presence in the
continuous CS potential are discussed in the framework of the excess entropy.Comment: 8 page
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Leaching properties and chemical compositions of calcines produced at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant
No significant chemical differences were determined between retrieved and fresh calcine based on chemical and spectrochemical analyses. Little can be derived from the amounts of the radioisotopes present in the retrieved calcine samples other than the ratios of strontium-90 to cesium-137 are typical of aged fission product. The variations in concentrations of radionuclides within the composite samples of each bin also reflect the differences in compositions of waste solutions calcined. In general the leaching characteristics of both calcines by distilled water are similar. In both materials the radionuclides of cesium and strontium were selectively leached at significant rates, although cesium leached much more completely from the alumina calcine than from the zirconia calcine. Cesium and strontium are probably contained in both calcines as nitrate salts and also as fluoride salts in zirconia calcine, all of which are at least slightly soluble in water. Radionuclides of cerium, ruthenium, and plutonium in both calcines were highly resistant to leaching and leached at rates similar to or less than those of the matrix elements. These elements exist as polyvalent metal ions in the waste solutions before calcination and they probably form insoluble oxides and fluorides in the calcine. The relatively slow leaching of nitrate ion from zirconia calcine and radiocesium from both calcines suggests that the calcine matrix in some manner prevents complete or immediate contact of the soluble ions with water. Whether radiostrontium forms slightly fluoride salts or forms nitrate salts which are protected in the same manner as radiocesium is unknown. Nevertheless, selective leaching of cesium and strontim is retarded in some manner by the calcine matrix
A Novel Instrument for Studying the Flow Behaviour of Erythrocytes through Microchannels Simulating Human
Original article can be found at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00262862 Copyright Elsevier Inc. DOI: 10.1006/mvre.1997.2014 [Full text of this article is not available in the UHRA]A novel instrument has been developed to study the microrheology of erythrocytes as they flow through channels of dimensions similar to human blood capillaries. The channels are produced in silicon substrates using microengineering technology. Accurately defined, physiological driving pressures and temperatures are employed whilst precise, real-time image processing allows individual cells to be monitored continuously during their transit. The instrument characterises each cell in a sample of ca. 1000 in terms of its volume and flow velocity profile during its transit through a channel. The unique representation of the data in volume/velocity space provides new insights into the microrheological behaviour of blood. The image processing and subsequent data analysis enable the system to reject anomalous events such as multiple cell transits, thereby ensuring integrity of the resulting data. By employing an array of microfluidic flow channels we can integrate a number of different but precise and highly reproducible channel sizes and geometries within one array, thereby allowing multiple, concurrent, isobaric measurements on one sample. As an illustration of the performance of the system, volume/velocity data sets recorded in a microfluidic device incorporating multiple channels of 100 μm length and individual widths ranging between 3.0 and 4.0 μm are presented.Peer reviewe
Intraguild predation of the aphid pathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis by the invasive coccinellid Harmonia axyridis
1. The ladybird Harmonia axyridis is an invasive alien species in many
countries and is predicted to have a negative impact on native biodiversity. However,
little is known on the status of this aphidophage as an intraguild predator of natural
enemies of aphids such as insect-pathogenic fungi.
2. The study assessed the predation of the aphid-specific pathogenic fungus Pandora
neoaphidis by adult and larval H. axyridis collected from the U.K. (an invasive
population) and Japan (a native population) relative to that of the ladybird Coccinella
septempunctata (native to the U.K.) and the non-U.K. C. septempunctata subspecies
brucki that were either starved or unstarved.
3. Overall, predation of uninfected aphids was greater than infected aphids and, when
given a choice, a preference for aphids was shown. However, the extent of this preference
was dependent on the species and origin of the coccinellid. Harmonia axyridis (U.K.)
consumed the greatest quantity of fungal cadavers and showed little preference for
uninfected aphids over infected aphids. In contrast, C. septempunctata rarely consumed
infected aphids. Life stage had no direct effects on predation but starved coccinellids
consumed more uninfected aphids than infected aphids.
4. Harmonia axyridis (U.K.) is a stronger intraguild predator of P. neoaphidis cadavers
than the native species C. septempunctata and, therefore, may have an impact on the
occurrence and persistence of P. neoaphidis . The differences in intraguild predation by
H. axyridis collected in the U.K. and those from Japan suggests that individuals that
invaded the U.K. could have a different genetic profile to those in its native range
Critical-point and coexistence-curve properties of the Lennard-Jones fluid: A finite-size scaling study
Monte Carlo simulations within the grand canonical ensemble are used to
explore the liquid-vapour coexistence curve and critical point properties of
the Lennard-Jones fluid. Attention is focused on the joint distribution of
density and energy fluctuations at coexistence. In the vicinity of the critical
point, this distribution is analysed using mixed-field finite-size scaling
techniques aided by histogram reweighting methods. The analysis yields highly
accurate estimates of the critical point parameters, as well as exposing the
size and character of corrections to scaling. In the sub-critical coexistence
region the density distribution is obtained by combining multicanonical
simulations with histogram reweighting techniques. It is demonstrated that this
procedure permits an efficient and accurate mapping of the coexistence curve,
even deep within the two phase region.Comment: 9 Pages Revtex. 8 encapsulated ps figures as separate uuencoded,
gzipped tar file. To appear in Phys. Rev. E. Full paper also available from
http://moses.physik.uni-mainz.de