identification of hazards and environmental impact assessment for an integrated approach to emerging risks of co2 capture installations

Abstract New and intensified technologies are being defined within the field of Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) and the uptake is set to increase dramatically. This contribution focuses on three representative installations for CCS capture, whose safety and environmental issues might potentially be underestimated based on their presence in other industrial fields, but with different scales and uses. A simplified Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the new hazard identification technique denominated DyPASI (Dynamic Procedure for Atypical Scenarios Identification) were used to identify respectively environmental impact and atypical accident scenarios and add a useful dimension to risk information that can particularly help in determining the best technological options

Self-disclosure with dogs

There exists an abundance of literature on the health benefits of dog-ownership and the health benefits of self-disclosure however, there has been no research into the potential health benefits of self-disclosure to dogs. This thesis addresses that gap in the literature. Among the literature on the health benefits of dog-ownership there is often a focus on the benefits to people with clinical conditions or living in care facilities – much less investigated are the benefits to ‘normally-functioning’ owners. Chapter 1 investigates the literature on the health benefits of dog-ownership to ‘normally-functioning’ owners in the form of a systematic literature review. This review highlights the need for future research to fully define the term ‘owner’ when conducting research into the owner-dog relationship and to specify the type and style of relationship being examined, since not all owner-dog relationships are equal. Chapter 2 is a two-part study. Part 1 assesses the validity of adapting an established self-disclosure scale for use with dogs. Part 2 asks: are there any topics that dog-owners would rather confide in their dog than their human partner? The results indicate that heterosexual female dog-owners are significantly more willing to confide in their dog about feelings of Depression, Jealousy, Apathy and Calmness and are significantly more willing to confide in their partner about feelings of Anger and Fear. Male dog-owners showed no significant differences in their preferred disclosure recipient. Chapter 3 builds on the research started in Chapter 2 but is a separate study with a new sample of participants. The aim of this study was to: (1) determine the differences between dog-owners and non-dog-owners’ disclosure patterns to their partner, confidante and dog, (2) determine whether dog-owners and non-dog-owners differ in their quality of life using an established quality of life scale and (3) determine whether quality of life can be predicted by disclosure patterns. The results indicate that dogs do not play the same role as confidantes, since dog-owners and non-dog-owners do not differ significantly in their disclosure patterns to their partner and confidante however, there are topics that dog-owners are significantly more willing to talk to their dogs about versus their partners and confidantes. Quality of life scores of dog-owners were higher than non-dog-owners, although self-disclosure to dogs was not predictive of these higher scores. Chapter 4 discusses the potential benefits of self-disclosure to dogs and discusses reasons behind female dog-owners’ willingness to confide in their dogs, with evidence from qualitative interviews with female dog-owners carried out as part of this research

Self-disclosure with dogs: dog owners’ and non-dog owners’ willingness to disclose emotional topics

Many owners talk to their pets about a wide range of issues, but there is very little research that has considered the content of this, or its impact on owner wellbeing. Verbal disclosure brings a range of potential health benefits, yet a number of factors may prevent individuals from confiding in their partners or friends (confidants). As such, in some circumstances, dogs may provide a more favorable alternative focus for disclosure. In a survey, we assessed dog owners’ (n = 286) and non-dog owners’ (n = 64) self-reported willingness to talk to their dog (dog owners only), their partner and their confidant. We used the Emotional Self Disclosure Scale (ESDS) for non-dog owners, and an adapted version of this for dog owners: Emotional Self Disclosure Scale–Dog Owners (ESDS-DO). Both dog owners and non-dog owners demonstrated a greater willingness to disclose to their partner than a confidant. For dog owners, their dog appeared to play a similar role as their partner, with greater willingness to talk to their dog about depression, jealousy, anxiety, calmness, apathy, and fear-related emotions, compared with a confidant. When talking about jealousy and apathy, dog owners reported greater willingness to talk to their dog than their partner or a confidant, but between-group comparisons (dog owner vs non-dog owner) revealed that dog owners and non-dog owners did not significantly differ in their willingness to talk to their partner or confidant, suggesting human relationships were not negatively affected by confiding to the dog. Participant age and length of relationship with their partner did not affect disclosure patterns for dog owners or non-dog owners. Males and females showed different willingness to disclose to confidants, but not to dogs. The results have implications for considering the value of dogs for human psychological health

CO2PipeHaz: Quantitative hazard assessment for next generation CO2 pipelines

Without a clear understanding of the hazards associated with the failure of CO2 pipelines, carbon capture and storage (CCS) cannot be considered as a viable proposition for tackling the effects of global warming. Given that CO2 is an asphyxiant at high concentrations, the development of reliable validated pipeline outflow and dispersion models are central to addressing this challenge. This information is pivotal to quantifying all the hazard consequences associated with the failure of CO2 transportation pipelines, which forms the basis for emergency response planning and determining minimum safe distances to populated areas. This paper presents an overview of the main findings of the recently completed CO2PipeHaz project [1] which focussed on the hazard assessment of CO2 pipelines to be employed as an integral part of CCS. Funded by the European Commission FP7 Energy programme, the project's main objective was to address this fundamentally important issue

High pressure CO2 CCS pipelines: Comparing dispersion models with multiple experimental datasets

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) presents the short-term option for significantly reducing the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere from the combustion of fossil fuels, thereby mitigating the effects of climate change. Enabling CCS requires the development of capture, storage and transport methodologies. The safe transport of CO2 in CCS scenarios can be achieved through pipelines or by shipping. Either way, transport and temporary storage of pressurised liquid CO2 will be required and subject to quantitative risk assessment, which includes the consideration of the low-risk, low-probability puncture or rupture scenario of such a pipeline, ship or storage facility. In this work, we combine multiple experimental datasets all concerned with the atmospheric free release of pure and impure liquid CO2 from CCS-transport-chain-relevant high pressure reservoirs and perform the first multiple dataset comparison to numerical models for both pure and impure jets in dry ambient air with no water vapour. The results validate the numerical approach adopted and for the prediction of such releases, highlight the significance of the mixture fraction at the release point, over the mixture composition itself. A new method for impure CO2 dispersion modelling is introduced and limited preliminary comparisons of impure CO2 data and predictions are performed. No clear difference between pure and impure releases is found for the cases considered

PILGRIMS, PLYMOUTH, AND PUBLIC MEMORY: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF CONTEMPORARY NEW ENGLAND FOUNDATION MYTHOLOGY

M.A

Soulmaking within the destructive side of God seeing through monotheism's holy warrior 9/11 to prehistory

In the wake of the terrorist attacks of 9/11, America was reeling on multiple fronts. While experiencing a collective wave of bereavement, Americans struggled to understand a phenomenon that they had been uniquely shielded from—that of holy war or the Islamic variant, jihad. Demonizing the enemy was a defensive reaction in the aftermath of 9/11, but cultural projections of "us versus them" fuel terrorist mindsets increasing the likelihood of further conflicts. While it is typically assumed that holy war emerges in monotheism, the dissertation argues the custom arises in the polytheistic ancient Near East where indigenous ideologies view deities foremost as warriors. The Babylonian Enuma Elish is an exemplar of polytheistic divine warrior mythologies expressing cultural ideals about warfare as an existential struggle for order over chaos, equated to life over death. The earliest generation of deities fights to the death in epic battles that result in the creation of the cosmos and the human race. The work of humans is to toil for the gods, most particularly in warfare, as earthly conflicts have lethal cosmic consequences. The human world of ancient warfare was saturated in the supernatural. Divination determined war strategies and warrior kings were viewed as divinely selected. Immanent deities lived in temple cultic statues carried to the battlefield where they actively adjudicated disputes through war. Warfare is ongoing because polarization between "good and evil" is perpetual. These indigenous customs migrated into monotheistic holy war. While single God religion influences ideas about holy war, polytheistic customs and rites remain surprisingly intact and can be detected in the 9/11 attacks. This dissertation engages an interdisciplinary approach that includes mythological studies, depth psychology, religious studies, cultural-military history, archeology, political science, interviews with suicide killers, and field research in the Middle East. The dissertation's findings alter concepts about modern jihad, positing that its central tenets are rooted in polytheistic customs and rituals. To the modern mind, the connection between religion and warfare is often viewed as pathological. From the perspective of human history, invoking deities to legitimize warfare is normative and typical