Pengaruh iklim terhadap Annual Parasite Incidence malaria di Kabupaten Jayapura tahun 2011 – 2018

Penyakit malaria di kabupaten Jayapura merupakan penyakit yang endemic karena penyakit ini telah ada sejak lama dan hampir sebagian masyarakat di Kabuapten Jayapura pernah menderita penyakit malaria. letak geografis dimana banyaknya rawa-rawa dan pengaruh lingkungan seperti iklim juga berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kasus malaria. Penelitian ini bersifat studi retrospektif, menggunakan data sekunder berupa data curah hujan, kelembapan udara, suhu, kecepatan dan arah angin dari Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Papua dan serta data angka Annual Parasite Incidence (API) malaria dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Jayapura selama kurun waktu tahun 2011-2016. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan, suhu, kelembaban udara dan kecepatan angin memiliki korelasi yang lemah namun tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan angka API malaria. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa kecenderungan perubahan variabel iklim tidak mempengaruhi secara langsung terjadinya peningkatan kasus malari

IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL MUTATION IN PROTEASE AND REVERSE TRANCRIPTASE INHIBITOR IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 OF HIV/AIDS PATIENTS IN MIMIKA REGENCY, PAPUA

Treatment with RT Inhibitors has been used as first line program in Mimika. Regular use of antiretroviral drugs can lower the amount of the virus, but after that HIV can become resistant to the drugs given. Viral resistance to the drugs can occur because of a mutation. If the resistance-associated mutations occur in the DNA of the virus, then the ARV provided will no longer be effective. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of resistance-associated mutations in DNA fragment that encodes the protease and reverse transcriptase. This study used cross sectional design with 84 subjects who had received antiretroviral for > 6 months. The study was conducted in Mitra Masyarakat Mimika Hospital. Laboratory process included extraction, RT-PCR, electrophoresis and sequencing. Data analysis used resistance interpretation algorithms in HIV Database. Results showed that 1 subject who did not receive protease therapy was identified as having minor mutation L10V, 1 subjects receiving NRTI inhibitors had mutation M184V motive and 1 subjects with M41L motive and 1 subjects who received NNRTI inhibitor therapy identified as having mutated Y181C and V108I motive. In conclusion, mutant HIV-1 related to ARV resistance has been identified in two subjects who had received antiretroviral therapy in Mitra Masyarakat Mimika Hospital

Gambaran Terapi Antiretroviral Pada Orang Dengan HIV/ AIDS di Manokwari, Fak-Fak dan Kota Sorong, Papua Barat

Antiretroviral therapy is used to suppress the HIV in People Living with HIV AIDS (PLWHA). This improves the life quality and prevents AIDS’s mortality. Manokwari, Fak-Fak and Sorong had high HIV AIDS cases in West Papua. The study’s aim was to overview the antiretroviral therapy by identifiying the adherence, clinical, and immunological condition of PLWHA in these 3 sites during August to October 2019. This was a cross sectional study. Respondents were 221 PLWHA, who receiving antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months, male and female aged ≥15 years old. Data collections were through interviews, medical records, measurement and laboratory examinations. The data were processed statistically univariate and bivariate. Majority of respondents from all sites were 15-45 years old, women, married, senior high school-university graduated, employee, Papuan, no tuberculosis, stage 3-4 of HIV at beginning of therapy, normal Body Mass Index (BMI), CD4 + cell ≥350 cells/mm.³ The proportion of respondents with adherence ≥95% in Manokwari and Sorong were higher than in Fak-Fak, but the adherence in all sites were still not optimal yet. Most of respondents had good clinical and immunological conditions. There were relationship between tuberculosis, BMI, stage of HIV at beginning of therapy, and adherence to CD4 + counts after therapy. Keywords: antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS, adherence, clinical condition, CD4 + , West Papua Abstrak Terapi antiretroviral digunakan untuk menekan HIV pada Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) karena mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan mencegah kematian karena AIDS. Manokwari, Fak-Fak dan Kota Sorong memiliki kasus HIV AIDS tinggi di Papua Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan terapi antiretroviral dengan mengidentifikasi kepatuhan pengobatan, kondisi klinis, dan imunologis ODHA di 3 lokasi tersebut pada Agustus sampai Oktober 2019. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang. Responden sebanyak 221 ODHA dengan kriteria sedang terapi minimal 6 bulan, laki-laki dan perempuan berusia di atas 15 tahun. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dari wawancara, rekam medis, pengukuran dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Data diolah univariat dan bivariat secara statistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan mayoritas responden dari semua lokasi penelitian berusia 15-45 tahun, perempuan, menikah, pendidikan SLTA-Pendidikan Tinggi, bekerja, asli Papua, tidak ada tuberkulosis, sakit HIV stadium 3 dan 4 di awal terapi, Indeks Massa Tubuh normal, memiliki CD4 + ≥350 sel/mm³. Proporsi responden dengan tingkat kepatuhan ≥95% di Manokwari dan Sorong lebih tinggi dibandingkan di Fak-Fak, namun kepatuhan terapi di Manokwari, Fak-Fak, dan Kota Sorong masih belum optimal. Kondisi klinis serta imunologis sebagian besar responden relatif baik. Ada hubungan antara sakit TB, Indeks Massa Tubuh, stadium sakit HIV di awal terapi, dan kepatuhan dengan jumlah CD4 + setelah terapi. Kata kunci: antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS, kepatuhan, kondisi klinis, CD4 + , Papua Barat