Extraction of natural dyes as textile colourants from kitchen wastes

This research study focuses on the dyeing of cellulosic fabrics with aqueous extracts from two different domestic wastes. Two methods of dyeing (i.e. with mordanting and without mordanting) were carried out on cotton fabrics. The extraction of brilliant brown and red colours from kitchen wastes is of particular interest. Colouring matter from used tea leaves (Camellia sinensis! and big onion (Alium cepa) skin were extracted and dyeing tests were performed. Colour strength, shade and fastness properties of the dyeing were tested. The extracts were applied under optimum conditions with one synthetic mordant (CuS04) and two natural mordants (Sepalika (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis) and Aralu (Terminalia Chebula)). The results prove the potential of such wastes as a source for natural dye extraction. To obtain textile dyeing with acceptable fastness properties. however, rigorous selection of dyes and development of suitable processes are required

Investigation of high volume bio materials as potential colourants and finish chemicals for fibrous substrates

The modern consumer (1990 onwards) is aware of the toxic chemical residues on textiles/garments (resulting from dyes and chemicals used) which can have carcinogenic/ dermatological and allergic effects on the wearer, especially because textiles are in contact with human skin for 24 hours of the day. The second aspect deals with the 'pollution' (air/water) at each of all stages in production of textiles. The third concern is about the 'ecological' problems during disposal (of garbage / on incineration). The aim of this research is to show feasibility of producing high quality natural dyes from plants, creating new opportunities for both farmers and the fabric / garment industry in line with the current consumer trends towards eco-friendly natural products. The direct national benefit is shown. Environmental and economical factors too need to be considered to make this viable in the long run. Investigation of the traditional dyeing techniques and dye producing plants with special reference to Sri Lanka, and development of natural dyes and investigation of their suitability as textile dyes were the two major objectives of this research study. Research investigations based on the comprehensive analysis of 10 best dye yielding plants which have been chosen from 47 dye yielding plants in Sri Lanka are presented. The available raw material spectrum had been reviewed. The ten (10) selected species are Kothala Himbutu (Salacia reticulata), Weniwal tCoscinium fenestratum), Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), Mangus tGarcinia mangostana), Big onion skin (Allium cepa) , Marigold (Tegetus erecta), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Jak (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Walmadata (Rubia cordifolia) and Turmeric (Curcuma domestica). Some of the above plant extracts have not been used before in textile dyeing. Environmental performance was another aspect of the research. Results from effluent characteristics of best dyeing solutions reveal significant reduction in pollution potential. The concept of ready to use dye concentrates is also presente

An analysis of environmental performance of natural dyes

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the limited heavy metal content in natural dyes (ie to demonstrate near zero burden on the environment) and the final effluent COD (to test the hypothesis that the effluent is less problematic and therefore easy to treat). For the selected material both hypotheses have been demonstrated. Characterisation of eco -friendliness of natural dyes reveals that no major harm is caused to the environment when compared with the synthetic dyes

Influence of enzyme and chemical pretreatment processes on the colours of banana fibres

Colour is an important property of textile fibres. The colour of mechanically extracted fibre affects the colour of the fibre textiles products. The focus of this investigation is to compare the colour of different pre-treatment process for banana fibre and evaluate the suitability of the banana fibre treatment methods for dyeing process. Experimental research strategies were used to investigate the colour properties. Ambun (AAA/Cavendish) banana variety was selected for this research study. Treated and mechanically extracted banana fibre samples colour measurement was performed by using a data colour machine 600 spectrophotometer and assessed using CIELAB colour values. This experiment was conducted to the suitability of the banana fibre extraction methods for dyeing process. Results indicate that there is a significant change in colour due to the different treatments achieved higher ΔE values. Treatment of enzyme and 6% H2O2, 2% Na2SiO3, 3% NaOH, combined experiments shows higher ΔE values than the other treatments. The FTIR results show that the removal performance of the lignin component is satisfying after the enzyme and chemical combined treatments of banana fibres

The Buddhist robe: The path pointing to natural dyes and possible establishment of a natural dyeing industry in the apparel sector of Sri Lanka with special reference on the Buddhist robe

It gives us pleasure to release this writing as a complete intensive study on the greatly unexplored area of the Buddhist Robe for the benefit of the researchers and for the University undergraduates verifying and identifying how natural dyeing plays a pivotal role in colouration in ancient context which signified much with its eco-friendly nature, what is commonly discussed and falls into sustainable practices. The Buddhist Robe: the path pointing to natural dyes and possible establishment of a natural dyeing industry in the apparel sector of Sri Lanka with special reference on the Buddhist robe is a scholarly work is the first of a series intended primarily as a invaluable reference source book for undergraduates of our Universities. This is a totally a practical guide in applying how the related natural colour substances apply to real life situations like offering Kaṭhina Cīvara Pūjā by colouring natural dye stuffs, since Professor Samudrika devoted more than 15 years exploring, experimenting and specializing in natural dye stuffs creating a path way for many followers by taking the initiative to invoke the imperative provisions of natural dyeing for the benefit of the textile sector meeting the expectations of the sustainable practices which recover through the proper application of natural dye stuffs which are available to us. The page by page coverage of the Sri Lankan Buddhist robe dye history with sumptuous imagery and experts’ accessible guide to the natural dye tradition of the country. This will serve as a great reference for not only for undergraduates who involve in the appreciation of natural dye traditions of Sri Lanka but also for academics who teach the subject and researchers who are involved in the respective fields. Combining contextual facts impact with cultural significance, the traditional robe dye adorns all types of surfaces from discarded cloth to refined cotton cloth. This scholarly work reflects this ubiquity by presenting a biography of dye forms in a different way – painted, literal and laboratory status of dye particles. Chapter one contains the uniqueness of Sri Lankan dye stuffs spread throughout history where natural dyes are plucked from history brought to the fore with essential details isolated and framed. This permits a detailed research of how natural dye systems become of a part of Buddhist traditional practice and culture of the country. Further this work discovers intriguing cultural elements and connections, which are based on original references too. This is an overview and an in-depth research of the robes worn by the Buddhist monks with its cultural context in relation to the great chronicle of Mahāvaggapāli, Vinaya-piṭaka of the Pali Canon in its 8th chapter: ‘Cīvarakkhandakaya’ describes the robe of Buddhist priests and its traditional practices. The second chapter is dedicated to establish a historical representation of the Buddhist robe emerging in the socio-cultural context in terms of developing its visual and figurative aspects discussed with an array of visuals depicted in Sri Lankan temple paintings. The third chapter highlight the art of traditional dyes in Sri Lanka with its colour substances, methods, materials and some significant dye recipes based on well proven literary facts. The fourth chapter considers the scientific clarification of the methodology of robe dyeing and its characteristics under set laboratory condition

Extraction, isolation & identification of colouring substances in local natural dye yielding plants

This paper is based on the extraction, isolation and identification of yellow dye pigments present in jak saw dust (Artocarpus heterophyl/us) by solvent extraction method. Six natural dye yielding plants were selected (Teak, Betel, Jak, Neem, Rambutan, and Jaman) to identify the best dye yielding plant. Dyeing trials were carried out to find conditions of optimum depth and stability. Extracts from the Jak gave the best dye shade on mercerized cotton fabric with best performances. This Plant is abundantly available throughout in Sri Lanka. It has been reported that heart wood of jak fruit tree contains many flavonoids.(l

Development of a new scouring methodology for the textile industry

Scouring is one of the most important processes in fabric formation in the textile industry. The main function of scouring is the removal of hydrophobic impurities in fabrics made out of natural fibers. Normally scouring is done after the sizes are removed in the desizing process. Three main scouring methods can be identified in the current textile industry. Alkaline scouring, Bio scouring, Solvent scouring are those three main methods with the alkaline scouring being the traditional and widely used method. In this research the drawbacks of the existing scouring methods have been discussed under three main aspects which are efficiency, economy and environmental friendliness. Neither of the above three scouring methods satisfy all these three aspects, at least up to a reasonable level. In order to achieve all these three objectives concurrently, development of a new process by combining existing methods was focused on in this research. This approach has not been followed in the past. Under this project, combining of Alkaline scouring with Bio scouring and Solvent scouring were separately considered as the approach of the research. Widely used Alkaline (NaOH) scouring method has been chosen as the reference method and aspects of this method were compared with experimental results. Recipes were developed according to general requirements of combining agents and tested with 100% cotton twill fabric and results were analyzed. Within all tested recipes the most suitable combination was finalized with necessary conditions in order to achieve better results in terms of efficiency, economic and environment friendliness compared to the reference methodology