International economic integration Patterns of catching-up, foreign direct investment and migration flows

'This paper develops a Schumpeterian model of international specialization and catching-up. In a previous version of the model we looked at the impact on international trade specialization when different patterns of technological catching-up are followed. One of these is a Gerschenkron pattern at the industrial level, where the largest initial gaps in productivity give rise to the fastest relative productivity growth rates. Depending on the productivity, wage and profits dynamic there can be 'comparative advantage switchovers' in which a catching-up economy turns its competitive advantage towards medium- to high-tech areas. In this paper we follow up the impact of the unit profit or 'rent' patterns on foreign investment and through that on the speed of technology transfer and hence on differential productivity growth. We show that labour market dynamics, productivity catching-up and Investment patterns all combine to determine the evolution of the international division of labour. We point also to the impact on labour demand and wage structures (between skilled and unskilled workers) both in the lead and the catching-up economies. The model thus contributes to the literature on globalization and labour markets.' (author's abstract)Die Verfasser stellen ein Schumpeter-Modell internationaler Spezialisierung und Aufholprozesse vor. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Auswirkungen auslaendischer Direktinvestitionen. Geht man von einem bestimmten Muster von Aufholprozessen aus und nimmt ein bestimmtes Verhalten der Loehne in den verschiedenen Branchen an, so ergibt sich ein dynamisches Spektrum komparativer Vorteile. Auslaendische Direktinvestitionen oeffnen einen weiteren Weg, ueber den die internationale Integration Output-Strukturen und Spezialisierung in integrierten Volkswirtschaften beeinflusst. Implikationen fuer den Arbeitsmarkt ergeben sich entsprechend den verschiedenen Kanaelen der internationalen Integration (Handel, auslaendische Direktinvestitionen, Migration). Der Qualifikationsmix auf dem Arbeitsmarkt in fortgeschrittenen und aufholenden Volkswirtschaften wird von einem komplexen Satz von Faktoren bestimmt. (ICE)German title: Internationale wirtschaftliche Integration: Aufholprozesse, auslaendische Direktinvestitionen, MigrationsstroemeSIGLEAvailable from UuStB Koeln(38)-20030106208 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Structural patterns of East-West European integration Strong and weak Gerschenkron effects

'This paper discusses the evolution of competitiveness, industrial and trade specialization in the manufacturing sector of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEECs). It is shown that the paths taken by the different CEECs have been quite diverse and we attempt to apply a combination of a catching-up plus trade specialization model which is required to understand the patterns of specialization emerging in Central and Eastern Europe. We start with a theoretical outline of our argument and move on to discuss patterns of productivity and wage catching-up across industries which give rise to interesting movements in comparative cost dynamics. This is complemented with an analysis of patterns of trade specialization, including measures of product quality upgrading. We add information about the industrial allocation of FDI and comparative educational attainment as well as on the evolution of labour demand by skill groups. All the above yields an interesting (and at times unexpected) picture of the evolving division of labour in an Enlarged Europe.' (author's abstract)Die Verfasser untersuchen die Entwicklung von Wettbewerbsfaehigkeit und Spezialisierung im produzierenden Gewerbe der Laender Mittel- und Osteuropas. Es zeigt sich, dass die einzelnen Volkswirtschaften sehr verschiedene Entwicklungspfade eingeschlagen haben und sich verschiedene Muster der Spezialisierung ergeben. Die Verfasser untersuchen Aufholprozesse bei Produktivitaet und Loehnen im Branchenvergleich, die zu interessanten Effekten im Bereich der komparativen Kosten fuehren. Ergaenzend werden Muster der Spezialisierung im Handel analysiert, wobei auch das Upgrading von Produkten beruecksichtigt wird. Darueber hinaus werden die Allokation auslaendischer Direktinvestitionen, Entwicklungen im Bildungsbereich und die Entwicklung der Arbeitsnachfrage auf den verschiedenen Qualifikationsniveaus behandelt. Insgesamt ergibt sich ein interessantes und teilweise ueberraschendes Bild der internationalen Arbeitsteilung, wie sie sich in einem erweiterten Europa herausbildet. (ICEUebers)German title: Strukturelle Muster der Ost-West-Integration EuropasSIGLEAvailable from UuStB Koeln(38)-20030106209 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Replication data for: Slicing Up Global Value Chains

In this paper, we "slice up the global value chain" using a decomposition technique that has recently become feasible due to the development of the World Input-Output Database. We trace the value added by all labor and capital that is directly and indirectly needed for the production of final manufacturing goods. The production systems of these goods are highly prone to international fragmentation as many stages can be undertaken in any country with little variation in quality. We seek to establish a series of facts concerning the global fragmentation of production that can serve as a starting point for future analysis. We describe four major trends. First, international fragmentation, as measured by the foreign value-added content of production, has rapidly increased since the early 1990s. Second, in most global value chains there is a strong shift towards value being added by capital and high-skilled labor, and away from less-skilled labor. Third, within global value chains, advanced nations increasingly specialize in activities carried out by high-skilled workers. Fourth, emerging economies surprisingly specialize in capital-intensive activities

Replication Data for: Slicing up global value chains

Timmer, M. P., Erumban, A. A., Los, B., Stehrer, R., & De Vries, G. J. (2014). Slicing up global value chains. Journal of economic perspectives, 28(2), 99-118, DOI: 10.1257/jep.28.2.99 Related websit