Letter from Geraldine Ferraro to Laurence M. Wiig, YMCA International Institute for Peace

Letter from Geraldine Ferraro to Laurence M. Wiig, of the YMCA International Institute for Peace. Letter has handwritten notes.https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/vice_presidential_campaign_correspondence_1984_international/1359/thumbnail.jp

Lowering barriers to agricultural exports through technical assistance

Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) regulations imposed by the developed world, significantly reduce the export opportunities of developing countries. Under the SPS Agreement, developed countries are obliged to provide technical assistance to developing countries, to help them meet SPS requirements. A survey of providers of technical assistance reveals, however, that assistance is allocated in an ad hoc manner. This article argues for a more systematic allocation of technical assistance to developing countries, based on relevant data and comparisons of benefits and costs of different kinds of capacity building. Data is presented which highlights the major problems of developing countries in exporting to the European Union, complementing earlier studies of exports to the United States.Food policy Agriculture Exports Technical assistance Aid evaluation

Letter from Members of the Hiroshima YMCA to Geraldine Ferraro

Letter from members of the Hiroshima YMCA to Geraldine Ferraro. The authors invite Ferraro to visit the Atomic Bomb Museum in Hiroshima. A letter from Laurence M. Wiig of the YMCA International Institute for Peace is enclosed.https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/vice_presidential_campaign_correspondence_1984_international/1360/thumbnail.jp

Assessing the Economic Gains of Free Market Access for the Least Developed Countries in the QUAD

The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) are the poorest countries in the world. Their share of world trade has declined from 0.8% in 1980 to less than 0.5% today. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact on the LDCs of getting duty- and quota-free access to their main export markets. Our conclusion is that the aggregate benefits are likely to be modest. The main reasons are (1) that most LDCs presently enjoy quite liberal market access in important export markets, and (2) that the ability of LDCs to take advantage of trade preferences is limited, due to supply constraints and restrictive rules of origin.

The grey seal, Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius), in Finnmark, Norway

The distribution, abundance and breeding season of grey seals in Finnmark, Norway are reviewed. The seals are divided into eight hypothetical stocks: Sørøya, Magerøya, Laksfjord, Tanafjord, Kongsfjord, Syltefjord, Vardø and Varangerfjord. Breeding has been verified for five of these stocks. The total minimum observed stock size is 353 grey seals, but the real number is probably much higher. The breeding season seems to be in October-November west of Nordkapp and in December in the eastern part of the county

The productivity of social capital: An econometric analysis of 49 Peruvian highland communities

Many empirical studies find a partial negative effect of market integration on cooperation in traditional poor small-scale farmer communities in developing countries, blaming an erosion of collective action enhancing norms (Social Capital). This paper takes the empirical analysis one step further by estimating the effect on income. A survey on cooperation, institutions and income level was conducted by the author in 49 Peruvian highland communities in order to estimate a production function including Social Capital. None of the variables representing customary cooperation were significant in an econometric regression analysis, but various aspects of integration that can be interpreted to facilitate more modern forms of cooperation had a significant positive income effect. Communities resettling after the civil war draw on common organizational experience and emigrants represent a network to the modern society.The positive effect of the latter was significantly lower in communities with individual property rights to land. One possible explanation is the increasing tensions between emigrants and people in their communities of origin as the governmental land entitlement program proceeds. Communities with common property rights are not affected by the program and solve land disputes themselves in local assemblies

The grey seal, Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius), in Finnmark, Norway

The distribution, abundance and breeding season of grey seals in Finnmark, Norway are reviewed. The seals are divided into eight hypothetical stocks: Sørøya, Magerøya, Laksfjord, Tanafjord, Kongsfjord, Syltefjord, Vardø and Varangerfjord. Breeding has been verified for five of these stocks. The total minimum observed stock size is 353 grey seals, but the real number is probably much higher. The breeding season seems to be in October-November west of Nordkapp and in December in the eastern part of the county