Le prix de l’ostracisme de Cuba de l’OEA en 1962: les dessous de la conférence de Punta del Este

On January 30, 1962, Cuba was expelled from the Organization of American States (OAS) on the basis that “the Castro regime was an ally of the Sino-Soviet bloc” in violation of the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance commonly known as the Rio Treaty. At a ministerial conference held in Punta del Este in 1962, two-thirds of the OAS members (that is to say fourteen countries) approved a resolution excluding Cuba from the Inter-American system. By this act, the United States won a battle that lasted two years and whose main objective was to ostracize Cuba from the hemispheric system to give a strong signal to Fidel Castro and the potential pro-communist revolutionary in the region. The underside of the Punta del Este Conference shows that the United States achieved a victory, “the kind that we cannot be proud of”, wrote a member of the U.S. delegation Samuel Belk to President John F. Kennedy. The archives confirm that the United States did not skimp to pressure some delegations and to monetize certain countries in order to bring them to vote in favor his position against Cuba

Encyclopédie des historiographies : Afriques, Amériques, Asies

Quels rapports les sociétés humaines entretiennent-elles avec leur passé et quels récits font-elles du temps révolu ? Pour ce premier volume de l’Encyclopédie des historiographies. Afriques, Amériques, Asies, 157 spécialistes représentant 88 institutions académiques en France et dans le monde explorent l’univers des productions humaines qui constituent des sources pour l’historien et déchiffrent les nombreuses modalités (« scientifiques », littéraires, artistiques, monumentales…) de l’écriture du passé. Évoquant tour à tour l’Afrique, l’Amérique latine, l’Asie, l’Océanie, les 216 notices de l’ouvrage présentent des matériaux historiques de toute nature, issus de toutes les époques, souvent méconnus, ainsi que l’histoire de leurs usages. L’entreprise collective qu’est l’Encyclopédie se veut novatrice : il s’agit de susciter une réflexion historiographique résolument non-occidentalo-centrée qui complète utilement les démarches épistémologiques traditionnelles. Nouvel outil de connaissance historique forgé à l’heure de la mondialisation, l’Encyclopédie des historiographies est aussi une véritable invitation au voyage.What are the different types of relations that non-Western societies upkeep with their past and how are narratives about the past produced by them? In this first volume of the Encyclopaedia of Historiography: Africa, America, Asia, 157 specialists from 88 international academic institutions explore the wealth of evidence that constitutes source material for historians. They also examine the immensely diverse modes or genres of narrated history: “scientific”, literary, artistic, architectural, etc. 216 entries dealing with Africa, Latin America, Oceania, and Asia, cover a large variety of sources, including many which are unfamiliar to the Western or non-Western reader, along with the history of how they have been exploited. By bringing together for the first time such an abundance of material the reader is offered the possibility of exploring continents and building meaningful connections across space and time. In addition to being a new tool for historical enquiry in an era of globalization, this encyclopaedia is also an invitation to travel the world