RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS AND THE PROBLEM OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

http://web.ku.edu/~starjrn

STR-833: EVALUATION OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF PANEL ZONES TO THE GLOBAL PERFORMANCE OF MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES UNDER SEISMIC LOAD

Before the 1994 Northridge Earthquake, the seismic design strategy for moment resisting frames considered the yielding of the panel zone when calculating the required level of ductility. Following the unacceptable performance of conventional moment resisting frame (MRF) connection details during the Northridge seismic event, prequalified connections were developed to concentrate beam yielding away from the column face, preserving the connection. With these new connection strategies, the panel zone deformation may not contribute as significantly to the overall behaviour of an MRF. Therefore, considering the increased use of advanced dynamic modeling techniques, it is important for both designers and researchers to know what level of modelling detail is required to properly capture the behaviour of an MRF. This paper examines the influence of the panel zone model on the global performance of a moment resisting frame. The nine-storey SAC building is used as a model to evaluate the influence of this variation. The beam-to-column connections use reduced beam sections and are modeled with OpenSees using nonlinear elements that that capture cyclic deterioration. In one case, the panel zones are modelled as rigid offsets with no shear yielding. In the other case, the panel zones are modeled using a rotational spring box, in which rigid links are arranged in a rectangle and connected at the four corners by three pins and one nonlinear spring that captures the shear distortion in the panel zone. An Incremental Dynamic Analysis with 7 ground motions is conducted to determine the differences in global performance. The more refined panel zone model results in a longer first mode period and less energy dissipation in the plastic hinges of the beams. However, the difference in engineering demand parameters at design level events is minimal and may not justify the increase in computational requirements unless collapse assessment is desired

Extraction and measurement of adenosine triphosphate from marine sediment, The

Includes bibliographical references (pages 479-480).A technique has been developed, using boiling sodium bicarbonate buffer, to extract adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from marine sediments and has been tested on a variety of sediments, including those with high organic content, clay, and carbonate. Recovery of ATP, as measured by the addition of bacteria of known ATP content to sediment, varied from 64-100%. The technique also was as effective as the conventional Tris buffer for extraction of ATP from both pure cultures of bacteria grown in broth and natural seawater samples.Publisher version: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2835285

Implications Of The Caacb Virus Contamination In Biomanufacturing Project For Cell Therapy Manufacturers

Adventitious agent contamination of cell culture-based biomanufacturing operations for the production of protein and monoclonal antibody biotherapeutics are infrequent, but when they do occur, they are very costly, impact manufacturing operations, and can potentially impact patient safety and product supply. In response to this need, the MIT Consortium on Adventitious Agent Contamination in Biomanufacturing (CAACB) began the confidential collection and analysis of industry-wide viral contamination data with an emphasis on “lessons learned”. This presentation will cover the learnings from this study, including identified industry risks and best practices to mitigate those risks. Some of the key findings which have significant implications to the emerging cell therapy industry are: 1) Raw materials, including non-animal-based raw materials, may be a potential source of viral contamination and stringent raw material testing and vendor selection and auditing programs are critical. 2) Traditional viral tests, including in vitro testing and PCR, have contributed to false-positive events, which may take extended times to resolve prior to release of raw materials, process intermediates, or final product. 3) The time frames needed for viral testing in general, and for investigation of positive viral tests, can range from weeks to months, and are not compatible with the requirements for near real-time release testing for some cell therapy products. 4) Viral testing programs, and potential investigations of positive results, are quite expensive, and application to the autologous cell therapy space will be challenging

Fears of Violence During Morning Travel to School

PURPOSE: Children\u27s safety as they travel to school is a concern nationwide. We investigated how safe children felt from the risk of being assaulted during morning travel to school. METHODS: Children between 10 and 18 years old were recruited in Philadelphia and interviewed with the aid of geographic information system (GIS) mapping software about a recent trip to school, situational characteristics, and how safe they felt as they travelled based on a 10-point item (1 = very unsafe, 10 = very safe). Ordinal regression was used to estimate the probability of perceiving different levels of safety based on transportation mode, companion type, and neighborhood characteristics. RESULTS: Among 65 randomly selected subjects, routes to school ranged from 7 to 177 minutes (median = 36) and .1-15.1 street miles (median = 1.9), and included between 1-5 transportation modes (median = 2). Among students interviewed, 58.5% felt less than very safe (i.e.,8, for example, was .99 while in a car and .94 while on foot but was .86 and .87 when on a public bus or trolley. Probability was .98 while with an adult but was .72 while with another child and .71 when alone. Also, perceived safety was lower in areas of high crime and high density of off-premise alcohol outlets. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts that target situational risk factors are warranted to help children feel safe over their entire travel routes to school

Mapping Activity Patterns to Quantify Risk of Violent Assault in Urban Environments

BACKGROUND: We collected detailed activity paths of urban youth to investigate the dynamic interplay between their lived experiences, time spent in different environments, and risk of violent assault. METHODS: We mapped activity paths of 10- to 24-year-olds, including 143 assault patients shot with a firearm, 206 assault patients injured with other types of weapons, and 283 community controls, creating a step-by-step mapped record of how, when, where, and with whom they spent time over a full day from waking up until going to bed or being assaulted. Case-control analyses compared cases with time-matched controls to identify risk factors for assault. Case-crossover analyses compared cases at the time of assault with themselves earlier in the day to investigate whether exposure increases acted to the trigger assault. RESULTS: Gunshot assault risks included being alone (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3, 1.9) and were lower in areas with high neighbor connectedness (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6, 0.8). Acquiring a gun (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.6) and entering areas with more vacancy, violence, and vandalism (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.7) appeared to trigger the risk of getting shot shortly thereafter. Nongunshot assault risks included being in areas with recreation centers (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.4). Entering an area with higher truancy (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.5) and more vacancy, violence, and vandalism appeared to trigger the risk of nongunshot assault. Risks varied by age group. CONCLUSIONS: We achieved a large-scale study of the activities of many boys, adolescents, and young men that systematically documented their experiences and empirically quantified risks for violence. Working at a temporal and spatial scale that is relevant to the dynamics of this phenomenon gave novel insights into triggers for violent assault