Kajian Pemetaan Tingkat Kerawanan Banjir Dengan Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (Studi Kasus : DAS Beringin, Kota Semarang)

Flood is a common problem that occurs in some parts of Indonesia. Beringin River is one of the rivers in Semarang that contributed floods every year. Along as the development technology, then to determine level of flood conducted research by using 2 method, the weighting method and rational method. The research result were showed that condition of flood DAS Beringin commonly included in condition vulnerable with an area of 1795.003 hectares (59.89%). Level of risk flood with risk category an area of 875.441 hectares (29.21%) of the total DAS area. The level rather risk having percentace an area of 299.691 hectares (40.13%) and 22.566 hectares (0.75%). the higher level risk have percentage of the area of 4,441 hectares (0.1%) of total DAS area. Water runoff that occurs in village Sub -DAS 1 that generate highest discharge of 357.766 m3/sec (68.048%), Sub -DAS 2 maximum discharge of 124.964 m3/sec (23.769%), and the Sub -DAS 3 produces the lowest discharge is 43.0227 m3/sec (8.183%). Effect of the maximum discharge is the advanced factor of the result of land use and rainfall. At speed of high water occur fast and a little amount of water, resulting a high flow of water is flowing, so that the flow is very heavy and destructive impact

Current and future technical, economic and environmental feasibility of maize and wheat residues supply for biomass energy application:Illustrated for South Africa

AbstractThis study assessed the feasibility of mobilising maize and wheat residues for large-scale bioenergy applications in South Africa by establishing sustainable residue removal rates and cost of supply based on different production regions. A key objective was to refine the methodology for estimating crop residue harvesting for bioenergy use, while maintaining soil productivity and avoiding displacement of competing residue uses. At current conditions, the sustainable bioenergy potential from maize and wheat residues was estimated to be about 104 PJ. There is potential to increase the amount of crop residues to 238 PJ through measures such as no till cultivation and adopting improved cropping systems. These estimates were based on minimum residues requirements of 2 t ha−1 for soil erosion control and additional residue amounts to maintain 2% SOC level.At the farm gate, crop residues cost between 0.9 and 1.7 $GJ−1. About 96$ GJ−1. In the improved scenario, up to 85% of the biomass is below 1.3 $GJ−1. For biomass deliveries at the conversion plant, about 36$ GJ−1 while in the optimised scenario, about 87% is delivered below 5$ GJ−1. Co-firing residues with coal results in lower cost of electricity compared to other renewables and significant GHG (CO2 eq) emissions reduction (up to 0.72 tons MWh−1). Establishing sustainable crop residue supply systems in South Africa could start by utilising the existing agricultural infrastructure to secure supply and develop a functional market. It would then be necessary to incentivise improvements across the value chain

The dynamics and prethermalization of one dimensional quantum systems probed through the full distributions of quantum noise

Quantum noise correlations have been employed in several areas in physics including condensed matter, quantum optics and ultracold atom to reveal non-classical states of the systems. So far, such analysis mostly focused on systems in equilibrium. In this paper, we show that quantum noise is also a useful tool to characterize and study the non-equilibrium dynamics of one dimensional system. We consider the Ramsey sequence of one dimensional, two-component bosons, and obtain simple, analytical expressions of time evolutions of the full distribution functions for this strongly-correlated, many-body system. The analysis can also be directly applied to the evolution of interference patterns between two one dimensional quasi-condensates created from a single condensate through splitting. Using the tools developed in this paper, we demonstrate that one dimensional dynamics in these systems exhibits the phenomenon known as "prethermalization", where the observables of {\it non-equilibrium}, long-time transient states become indistinguishable from those of thermal {\it equilibrium} states.Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures+appendi

Karlstadter Positionspapier zum Schutz der Ackerwildkräuter. Erarbeitet von den Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern der "Tagung zum Schutz der Ackerwildflora" am 25./26.6.2004 in Karlstadt am Main

Der Erhalt von Ackerwildkräutern, die historisch erst mit der Landbewirtschaftung in Mitteleuropa heimisch geworden sind, ist eine Kulturaufgabe, damit auch künftige Generationen die Arten- und Farbenvielfalt in der Kulturlandschaft erleben können

Exact Results for Kinetics of Catalytic Reactions

The kinetics of an irreversible catalytic reaction on substrate of arbitrary dimension is examined. In the limit of infinitesimal reaction rate (reaction-controlled limit), we solve the dimer-dimer surface reaction model (or voter model) exactly in arbitrary dimension $D$. The density of reactive interfaces is found to exhibit a power law decay for $D<2$ and a slow logarithmic decay in two dimensions. We discuss the relevance of these results for the monomer-monomer surface reaction model.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, no figure

The Impact of Kaluza-Klein Excited W Boson on the Single Top at LHC and Comparison with other Models

We study the s-channel single top quark production at the LHC in the context of extra dimension theories, including the Kaluza-Klein (KK) decomposition. It is shown that the presence of the first KK excitation of $W$ gauge boson can reduce the total cross section of s-channel single top production considerably if $M_{W_{KK}}\sim2.2 \rm TeV$ ($3.5 \rm TeV$) for $7\rm TeV$ ($14\rm TeV$) in proton-proton collisions. Then the results will be compared with the impacts of other beyond Standard Model (SM) theories on the cross section of single top s-channel. The possibility of distinguishing different models via their effects on the production cross section of the s-channel is discussed.Comment: 23 pages,6 figure

The three species monomer-monomer model: A mean-field analysis and Monte Carlo study

We study the phase diagram and critical behavior of a one dimensional three species monomer-monomer surface reaction model. Static Monte Carlo simulations show a phase diagram consisting of a reactive steady state bordered by three equivalent unreactive phases where the surface is saturated with one monomer species. The transitions from the reactive to saturated phases are all continuous, while the transitions between poisoned phases are first-order, with bicritical points where the reactive phase meets two poisoned phases. A mean-field cluster analysis predicts all of the qualitative features of the phase diagram only when correlations up to triplets of adjacent sites are included. Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations show that the transition from the reactive to a saturated phase show critical behavior in the directed percolation universality class, while the bicritical point shows critical behavior in the even branching annihilating random walk class. The crossover from bicritical to critical behavior is also studied.Comment: 16 pages using RevTeX, plus 10 figures. Uses psfig.st