Psychoactive substance use in patients diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an exploratory study

IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was originally treated as a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs mainly in children and tends to diminish or disappear with age, but we now know that symptoms persist into adulthood in over 50% of ADHD patients. Undiagnosed individuals often turn to psychoactive substance to minimize the negative aspects of functioning and improve quality of life.MethodsThe study was conducted online using random sampling through a Facebook group administered by physicians and targeted to patients diagnosed with ADHD. The study was naturalistic and exploratory, therefore no hypothesis was made. 438 correctly completed questionnaires were received. Analysis of the results showed that people with ADHD turn to psychoactive substances relatively frequently.ResultsThe most commonly used stimulants include alcohol, marijuana, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), amphetamine/methamphetamine, and psilocybin. In the study population, methylphenidate is the most commonly used drug among patients. After treatment with psychostimulants, the majority of respondents note a decrease in symptoms of hyperactivity disorder, especially in male patients.ConclusionIt is necessary to perform proper diagnostics and actively look for ADHD symptoms in patients who tend to use psychoactive substances

NK cell compartment in patients with coronary heart disease

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Viral and bacterial infections have been considered as a risk factor for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). NK cells, as a first line of defense against those infections, may play a role in CHD development. Thus, the main aim of our study was to determine NK cell compartment in patients with CHD undergoing coronary artery by-pass grafting.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ninety three patients with CHD were included into the study; the control group consisted of 49 healthy volunteers. As compared to controls, CHD patients had lower NK cytotoxic activity. CHD group had also a decreased absolute number and percentage of total NK cells and CD3-CD56dim cytotoxic NK subset. In addition, we observed tendency toward lower percentage of the CD3-CD56bright regulatory NK subset and CD3-CD56+IFN-γ+ cells in CHD patients.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data indicate that CHD is associated with an impairment of NK cells compartment.</p

Analysis of matching measuring connectors possibilities according to IEC and GOST standards within the field of microwave measurements in military technology

W trakcie praktycznej realizacji procesu sprawdzania przyrządów pomiarowych w zakresie mikrofalowym, występują trudności z zestawianiem układów pomiarowych, ponieważ elementy złącz pomiarowych w przyrządach wykonane są w różnych standardach (IEC i GOST), co może istotnie wpływać na wartość błędów pomiarów. Przy szacowaniu niepewności pomiarów mocy realizowanych w zakresie mikrofalowym na ostateczny wynik sprawdzenia metrologicznego bardzo istotny wpływ ma błąd niedopasowania związany z iloczynem strat mocy na elementach złącza pomiarowego. Oszacowanie niepewności wymaga szczegółowej analizy wymiarów geometrycznych i parametrów toru przesyłowego, świadczących o dopasowaniu mechanicznycm i elektrycznym dwóch złącz wykonanych w dwóch różnych standardach. W referacie przedstawiony został wynik takiej analizy na przykładzie złącz typu "N" produkcji rosyjskiej według standardu GOST.Due to different IEC and GOST standards of connectors some problems are reported when validating (calibrating) measuring instruments within microwave frequency range. The situation considerably influences measurements accuracy. In the microwave range the measurement value is considerably affected by mismatch error related to powder loss product of elements of measuring connectors. For precide error estimation it is necessary to analyse matching of different standards of connectors taking into consideration physical dimensions and parameters of the transmission line. The paper present results of the above-mendionet analysis for two connectors types: "N" of Hewlwtt pacard and GOST standards as an example

Visional system of the measurement of chosen parameters of pantograph

Odbierak prądu jest elementem pojazdu trakcyjnego, służącym do ruchomego, stykowego połączenia obwodu głównego tego pojazdu z przewodem sieci trakcyjnej. Niewłaściwy stan techniczny tych ważnych elementów toru głównego pojazdu skutkuje ich nieprawidłową współpracą z siecią jezdną. Okresowe kontrolowanie stanu technicznego odbieraków gwarantuje niezawodny odbiór prądu

Is mechanical retention for adhesive core build-up needed to restore a vital tooth with a monolithic zirconium crown? : An in vitro study

Purpose: To show the influence of retentive cavity, cavity wall preparation and different luting techniques on the fracture resistance of severely damaged teeth restored with adhesive core build-ups and monolithic zirconium crowns. Methods: Extracted molars were prepared with 2 mm ferrule height and divided into eleven groups (n = 8/group). In nine groups a retentive occlusal cavity with a width and depth of 1 or 2 mm was prepared. Two control groups without a retentive cavity were made. Zirconium crowns were manufactured. 48 copings were cemented with glass-ionomer cement (Ketac Cem), the others (n = 40) with adhesive resin cement (Panavia F 2.0). Artificial ageing was carried out in the following way: n = 88, thermocycling (10,000 cycles, 6° C/60° C), n = 80 chewing simulation (1,200,000 cycles, 64 N). The samples were tested for load at first damage and fracture load with non-axial force. For statistical analysis ANCOVA with post hoc, Bonferroni-adjusted t-test were used ( p ≤ 0.05). Results: No differences between the tested cements were detected. Influence of the cavity wall thickness was significant ( p = 0.001). Mostly, the samples with wall thickness of 2 mm showed better results. Both control groups (no cavity) showed results comparable to study groups with cavity. Conclusions: Retentive cavity is most likely not mandatory. However, if prepared, the cavity wall thickness is of higher importance than cavity depth. Glass-ionomer and adhesive resin cement are comparable for use with zirconia crowns

The possibilities of dentition reconstruction with the use of bicortical implants : review of literature

Współcześnie implantologia stanowi podstawową metodę zaopatrzenia protetycznego pacjentów z brakami zębowymi, umożliwiając zarówno rehabilitację, jak i rekonstrukcję protetyczną. Implanty cechują się przede wszystkim biozgodnością oraz rozmaitym zastosowaniem klinicznym (wykorzystanie zarówno jako filarów pod prace stałe, jak i do wzmocnienia retencji protez ruchomych). Obok powszechnie stosowanych implantów śródkostnych bazowanych na systemie Brånemarka swoje miejsce znalazły również implanty bikortykalne, oparte o dwie blaszki istoty zbitej, co warunkuje odmienności biomechaniczne oraz kliniczne pracy z tego typu wszczepami. Mogą być one stosowane do odbudowy braków zębowych o rozmaitej etiologii (choroba próchnicowa, periodontopatie, urazy) z bardzo dobrą skutecznością i stanowią alternatywę dla tradycyjnych systemów implantologicznych.Nowadays, implantology is the basic metod of prosthetic supply of patients with dental deficiencies. It enables both prosthodontic rehabilitation and reconstruction. Implants are primarly biocompatible and of vast clinical application (both as pillars for fixed prosthesis and as an additional retention for mobile ones). Besides the commonly used intraosseus implants based on Brånemark’s system, bicortical implants were brought to stomatology. Since they rest on both layers of lamina dura, their biomechanics as well as clinical approach differs. They can be used to reconstuct teeth loss of a variety of aetiology (caries, periodontitis, traumas) with very high efficacy and constitute an alternatice to traditional implant systems

Protocol of a cross-sectional, multicentre and multidisciplinary study describing phenotype and burden of a midfacial segment pain

Background: Midfacial segment pain is a term used in the past in the diagnosis of patients mainly from ear, nose and throat clinics. This type of pain cannot be attributed to other primary or secondary facial pain, but is to a large extent similar to tension-type headache with midfacial location. The purpose of this study is to describe midfacial segment pain phenotype, burden and comorbidities in a multicentre and multidisciplinary setting. The ultimate goal is a comprehensive description of this type of pain allowing for its implementation in future classifications. Methods: This cross-sectional study is designed to describe midfacial segment pain in a clinical setting. Patients from rhinologic, headache and facial pain or oral medicine/dentistry secondary care centres will be recruited during a 1 year period. Individuals with other facial pain according to current classification such as sinonasal disorders, neoplasms, local infections, history of significant trauma associated with pain onset will be excluded. Data will be collected through a structured questionnaire covering pain characteristics, coexisting diagnoses, pain-related burden and consequences, physical examination and paranasal sinuses imaging