2,197 research outputs found
Construction of supplementary materials for use with the Ginn Series, grade II to promote independence in reading
Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit
Groups versus individuals in the determination of caribou distribution
Studies of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) habitat selection based on group analyses have led to erroneous conclusions. Convenient designations such as «male-» or «female-dominated» group encompass a wide array of possible sizes and compositions which change continuously and erratically. Whenever individuals of at particular sex/age class can occur in more than one group type, and/or whenever groups within a type vary in size, an analysis based on groups alone is fallacious. Data must be based on individual caribou for most, if not all, determinations of distribution
Barriers to Care for Children with Cerebral Palsy in the Rural State of Maine: A Mixed-Methods Study
Introduction: Guidelines on orthopedic hip surveillance in children with cerebral palsy have been published to minimize the effects of cerebral palsy and maximize quality of life. Researchers aimed to identify barriers to cerebral palsy care and to assess adherence to national hip-surveillance guidelines among a small subset of children with cerebral palsy who live in a rural state.
Methods: Parents of children with cerebral palsy were interviewed, and thematic analyses were performed on the recorded transcripts. Patient-specific data about imaging and demographics were manually extracted from the electronic health record to perform a mixed-methods analysis.
Results: Twenty-one parents were interviewed, and 4 themes related to barriers to care for cerebral palsy were identified: inadequate local services, communication issues, time burdens, and financial difficulties. Routine surveillance hip x-rays were indicated for 17/21 children; however, 12/17 (71%) did not obtain imaging. In this small group of children with cerebral palsy, inadequate hip surveillance was associated with greater distance to care, lower household education and income, more severe functional limitations, and rurality.
Discussion: Many children with cerebral palsy in Maine have not received optimized orthopedic hip surveillance, and issues related to rurality are major barriers identified by parents.
Conclusions: Multiple barriers exist that inhibit the ability of families to access recommended orthopedic care for family members with cerebral palsy in the rural state of Maine
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The Impact of Information Technology Outsourcing on Firm Profitability Measures
Some researchers have concluded that outsourcing of information technology (IT) provides benefits to firms including cost advantages, economies of scale and allowing more of a focus on core competencies. This paper attempts to determine if these benefits actually exist by comparing three financial measures, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA) and profit margin, affirms that have varying levels of outsourcing. To empirically test for the existence of a difference between firms that outsource differing amounts of IT spending, data from 104 companies was gathered. Analysis of variance was selected as the primary statistical tool to test the relationship between the level of outsourcing and the profitability measures. The results of this study lead to the conclusion that there is not a significant difference between the amounts of IT outsourcing companies perform and any of the profitability measures used during the sample period. Further discussion continues related to the implications of the results
Footprints of the Newly-Discovered Vela Supernova in Antarctic Ice Cores?
The recently-discovered, nearby young supernova remnant in the southeast
corner of the older Vela supernova remnant may have been seen in measurements
of nitrate abundances in Antarctic ice cores. Such an interpretation of this
twenty-year-old ice-core data would provide a more accurate dating of this
supernova than is possible purely using astrophysical techniques. It permits an
inference of the supernova4s Ti yield purely on an observational
basis, without reference to supernova modelling. The resulting estimates of the
supernova distance and light-arrival time are 200 pc and 700 years ago,
implying an expansion speed of 5,000 km/s for the supernova remnant. Such an
expansion speed has been argued elsewhere to imply the explosion to have been a
15 Type II supernova. This interpretation also adds new evidence to
the debate as to whether nearby supernovae can measurably affect nitrate
abundances in polar ice cores.Comment: 12 pages, TeX, 2 enclosed figures. Updated references, and more
detailed discussion of how inferences are made of supernova propertie
Predictions of the electrical conductivity and charging of the cloud particles in Jupiter's atmosphere
The electrical conductivity and electrical charge on cloud particles ( composed of ammonia, ammonium hydrosulfide, and water) in the atmosphere of Jupiter are computed for pressures between 5.5 and 0.1 bars. The source of ionization is galactic cosmic rays (GCR). The distribution of charge among the various reservoirs is a function of altitude and the total area of the aerosol particles. For pressures below 4 bars, the electrons are scavenged efficiently by the cloud particles, decreasing the electron- ion recombination rate and resulting in increased positive ion abundance over that in the absence of the particles. For the upper regions of each cloud layer, the area of the aerosols and the large diffusion rate of the electrons cause most aerosol particles to be negatively charged. Near the bases of the cloud layers, the larger total area of the aerosols causes most of the charge, positive and negative, to reside on particles. Where clouds are present, the reduction of the electron conductivity ranges from a factor of 30 at 0.1 bar to 10 4 at 4 bars. At pressures near 1 bar and 4 bars, the positive ion conductivity increases by a factor of 10 over that expected for the clear atmosphere. A parametric study of negative ions shows that they are likely to be insignificant. For altitudes below the 0.3- bar level the predicted positive and negative conductivities are well below the detection limit of the relaxation and mutual impedance instruments such as those employed on the Huygens entry probe
Decentralized Task Allocation with Coupled Constraints in Complex Missions
This paper presents a decentralized algorithm that creates feasible assignments for a network of autonomous agents in the presence of coupled constraints. The coupled constraints address complex mission characteristics that include assignment relationships, where the value of a task is conditioned on whether or not another task has been assigned, and temporal relationships, where the value of a task is conditioned on when it is performed relative to other tasks. The new algorithm is developed as an extension to the Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (CBBA), introducing the notion of pessimistic or optimistic bidding strategies and the relative timing constraints between tasks. This extension, called Coupled-Constraint CBBA (CCBBA), is compared to the baseline in a complex mission simulation and is found to outperform the baseline, particularly for task-rich scenarios.United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant FA9550-08-1-0086)United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (Grant FA9550-08-1-0356
Cumulative Environmental Risk in Early Life: Associations With Schizotypy in Childhood
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Psychotic disorders are associated with a growing number of recognized environmental exposures. Cumulative exposure to multiple environmental risk factors in childhood may contribute to the development of different patterns of schizotypy evident in early life. Hypotheses were that distinct profiles of schizotypy would have differential associations with a cumulative score of environmental risk factors. STUDY DESIGN: We prospectively examined the relationship between 19 environmental exposures (which had demonstrated replicated associations with psychosis) measured from the prenatal period through to age 11 years, and 3 profiles of schizotypy in children (mean age = 11.9 years, n = 20 599) that have been established in population data from the New South Wales-Child Development Study. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between membership in each of 3 schizotypy profiles (true schizotypy, introverted schizotypy, and affective schizotypy) and exposure to a range of 19 environmental risk factors for psychosis (both individually and summed as a cumulative environmental risk score [ERS]), relative to children showing no risk. RESULTS: Almost all environmental factors were associated with at least 1 schizotypy profile. The cumulative ERS was most strongly associated with the true schizotypy profile (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.52-1.70), followed by the affective (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.28-1.38), and introverted (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.28-1.37) schizotypy profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with the cumulative risk hypothesis, results indicate that an increased number of risk exposures is associated with an increased likelihood of membership in the 3 schizotypy profiles identified in middle childhood, relative to children with no schizotypy profile
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