Quantum walks: a comprehensive review

Quantum walks, the quantum mechanical counterpart of classical random walks, is an advanced tool for building quantum algorithms that has been recently shown to constitute a universal model of quantum computation. Quantum walks is now a solid field of research of quantum computation full of exciting open problems for physicists, computer scientists, mathematicians and engineers. In this paper we review theoretical advances on the foundations of both discrete- and continuous-time quantum walks, together with the role that randomness plays in quantum walks, the connections between the mathematical models of coined discrete quantum walks and continuous quantum walks, the quantumness of quantum walks, a summary of papers published on discrete quantum walks and entanglement as well as a succinct review of experimental proposals and realizations of discrete-time quantum walks. Furthermore, we have reviewed several algorithms based on both discrete- and continuous-time quantum walks as well as a most important result: the computational universality of both continuous- and discrete- time quantum walks.Comment: Paper accepted for publication in Quantum Information Processing Journa

Some effects of urbanization on streamflow records in a small watershed in the lower Fraser Valley, B.C

Times series of monthly, mean daily and maximum instantaneous streamflows were examined for changes which may be associated with urbanization within the Nicomekl watershed in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia, Canada. An adjacent watershed, the Salmon which has had much less urbanization, provided a comparison. In these low lying watersheds which receive heavy winter precipitation even slight increases in runoff could lead to increased flooding problems. Urbanization is relatively new in this area and though land use changes due to urbanization are not yet extensive, statistically significant increases in streamflow were detected. Continued urbanization causing increased runoff may generate increased flooding problems in the futureLeith and Whitfield "Some effects of urbanization on streamflow records in a small watershed in the lower Fraser Valley, B.C." Northwest Science. 2000; 74(1): 69-7

Some effects of urbanization on streamflow records in a small watershed in the lower Fraser Valley, B.C

Times series of monthly, mean daily and maximum instantaneous streamflows were examined for changes which may be associated with urbanization within the Nicomekl watershed in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia, Canada. An adjacent watershed, the Salmon which has had much less urbanization, provided a comparison. In these low lying watersheds which receive heavy winter precipitation even slight increases in runoff could lead to increased flooding problems. Urbanization is relatively new in this area and though land use changes due to urbanization are not yet extensive, statistically significant increases in streamflow were detected. Continued urbanization causing increased runoff may generate increased flooding problems in the futur