Upper temperature limit of larval Pacifc lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus: implications for conservation in a warming climate

Climate models suggest that by 2100, maximum temperatures where many larval Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus, rear now may approach 27–31 °C. Little information exists on whether larval Pacific lamprey can tolerate these temperatures. We used acclimated chronic exposure (ACE) and direct acute exposure (DAE) experiments to determine the water temperature that is lethal to larval Pacific lamprey and whether sublethal water temperatures influence larval burrowing behavior. After 30 days in ACE experiments, all larvae survived in temperatures averaging ≤ 27.7 °C, no larvae survived in temperatures averaging ≥ 30.7 °C and the ultimate upper incipient lethal temperature (UILT) was estimated to be 29.2 °C. After seven days in DAE experiments, all larvae survived in 27.1 °C, only larvae acclimated to 23.3 °C survived in 29.1 °C, and no larvae survived in temperatures ≥ 30.6 °C. Using a time to death analysis, estimates of the UILTs ranged from 27.5 to 30.2 °C and the ultimate UILT was estimated to be \u3e 28.3 °C. Using a percent mortality analysis, estimates of the ultimate UILT were not definitive but indicated it may be \u3e 30.2 °C. To burrow, larvae reared for 30 days at temperatures averaging 26.9–27.7 °C exhibited more total time, active time, and stops than those reared for 30 days at temperatures averaging 22.3–23.9 °C. Our findings suggest that larval Pacific lamprey may be resilient to the most likely temperature increase scenarios predicted by climate models. However, they may be vulnerable to the high-temperature increase scenarios and, relatively high but sublethal temperatures may impact the behavior, and ultimately survival, of larval Pacific lamprey

Suited for Success? : Suits, Status, and Hybrid Masculinity

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version. The final, definitive version of this paper has been published in Men and Masculinities, March 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X17696193, published by SAGE Publishing, All rights reserved.This article analyzes the sartorial biographies of four Canadian men to explore how the suit is understood and embodied in everyday life. Each of these men varied in their subject positions—body shape, ethnicity, age, and gender identity—which allowed us to look at the influence of men’s intersectional identities on their relationship with their suits. The men in our research all understood the suit according to its most common representation in popular culture: a symbol of hegemonic masculinity. While they wore the suit to embody hegemonic masculine configurations of practice—power, status, and rationality—most of these men were simultaneously marginalized by the gender hierarchy. We explain this disjuncture by using the concept of hybrid masculinity and illustrate that changes in the style of hegemonic masculinity leave its substance intact. Our findings expand thinking about hybrid masculinity by revealing the ways subordinated masculinities appropriate and reinforce hegemonic masculinity.Peer reviewe

Evaluating Genetic Structure Among Resident and Migratory Forms of Bull Trout (\u3ci\u3eSalvelinus confluentus\u3c/i\u3e) in Northeast Oregon

Many salmonids express multiple behavioural forms within the same population, representing an evolutionary adaptation to a heterogeneous environment. For bull trout, resident and migratory forms co-occur in streams, but it is unknown whether the two forms assortatively mate. We assessed genetic differentiation between resident and migratory bull trout (using eight microsatellite loci) in the South Fork Walla Walla River. We PIT-tagged and fin-clipped bull trout and assigned individuals to behavioural subpopulations based on movement patterns. The pair-wise FST value between resident and migratory subpopulations (0.0037) was statistically insignificant, and individual-based analyses of structure using both multivariate and Bayesian approaches showed a lack of genetic structure within the population. These results have important implications for assessing population status and management; while the population may be managed as a single reproductive unit, the phenotypic variation within this population may have fitness consequences and thus merits conservation

Prescribing antidepressants for depression: time to be dimensional and inclusive

The article by Middleton and Moncrieff questions the role of antidepressants in treating depression on both philosophical and practical grounds; namely that depression isn't a brain disease to be treated by a drug and that antidepressants are ineffective except as placebos. We argue that their stance is unhelpful and factually incorrect and that a more dimensional and integrative approach is needed in order to be able to best tailor treatment to individual needs. This involves a personalised assessment of the likely benefits and risks of both psychological and drug approaches when recommending treatment for someone with depression