The repeatability of live-animal and photographic measurements of beef cattle

The present study was undertaken to ascertain the value of photographs in obtaining body measurements as compared to live-animal measurements

Easter Excursion, 1887

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New Methods of Marketing and Manufacturing for a Startup Optical Internet Retailer

The internet has allowed commerce to become more efficient and more profitable for companies involved in retail. The retail optical industry has failed to capitalize this opportunity and this thesis explains how it can be done. The opportunity to increase profits exists for optical labs in the form of inexpensive Mexican labor. By committing investment into a lab south of the Mexican- American border, business owners have a great deal to gain. This thesis explains how to operate manufacturing in Mexico and how to conduct operations more efficiently than American competitors. By following some industry standards of marketing and evaluating new ways to approach product, price, promotion, and distribution, this thesis presents an efficient method for executing marketing operations. on ,1 i I 1

A Decentralized Approach to Confront the Debasement of Black Male Student Athletes Who Attend PWI\u27S

The debasement and niggering of Black male student athletes who attend PWI\u27s is an issue that has been well documented since the mid to late sixties (Edwards, 1969, Olson, 1968). This population has been negatively stereotyped as being superior athletically, but inferior intellectually (Edwards, 1984). Both scholars and practitioners have focused on other pervasive issues including: (1) the academic achievement gap that exist between Black male student athletes and their White counterparts (Harper, 2013), (2) the commercialization of college athletics (Beamon, 2008; Donnor, 2005), and (3) negative stereotypes that continue to plague Black male student athletes (Hodge, Burden, Robinson, & Bennett, 2008; Oseguera, 2010). There are also current monumental lawsuits including the likeness lawsuit and athlete\u27s right to unionize that will certainly impact the future of revenue sports for Black male student athletes. Through a review of literature, research, and the author\u27s lived experience from professional practice, this dissertation in practice explores the psychological effects of projected negative stereotypes and how that might impact the academic and social experiences for African American Male student athletes who attend PWI\u27s. The author employs a race-based epistemological approach to inquiry to explore the issues raised in this dissertation. Specifically, Stereotype Threat, Critical Race Theory (CRT), and the Sociology of Sport frame this work. The main argument is, racial stereotypes are still ubiquitous and pernicious for Black male student athletes who attend PWI\u27s, and failure to see this issue as a matter of social justice, will ensure continued dismal outcomes for this population. The author suggest culturally relevant interventions to facilitating courageous conversations with Black male student athletes, and also a decentralized diversity initiative as designs for action that could lead to generative impacts. This dissertation in practice hopes to offer insights into the types of programs, services, psycho-educational workshops, and interventions that athletic departments or outside groups might consider for revenue playing African American male student athletes who attend PWI\u27s

Deciphering the Mechanism of E. coli tat Protein Transport: Kinetic Substeps and Cargo Properties

The Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system transports fully folded and assembled proteins across the inner membrane into the periplasmic space. The E. coli Tat machinery minimally consists of three integral membrane proteins: TatA, TatB and TatC. A popular model of Tat translocation is that cargo first interacts with a substrate binding complex composed of TatB and TatC and then is transported across the inner membrane through a channel comprised primarily of TatA. The most common method for observing the kinetics of Tat transport, a protease protection assay, lacks the ability to distinguish between individual transport sub-steps and is limited by the inability to observe translocation in real-time. Therefore, a real-time FRET based assay was developed to observe interactions between the cargo protein pre-SufI, and its initial binding site, the TatBC complex. The cargo was found to first associate with the TatBC complex, and then, in the presence of a membrane potential (∆psi), migrate away from the initial binding site after a 20-45 second delay. Since cargo migration away from the TatBC complex was not directly promoted by the presence of a ∆psi, the delay likely represents some preparatory step that results in a transport competent translocon. In addition, the Tat system has long been identified as a potential biotechnological tool for protein production. However, much is still unknown about which cargos are suitable for transport by the Tat system. To probe the Tat system’s ability to transport substrates of different sizes and shapes, 18 different cargos were generated using the natural Tat substrate pre-SufI as a base. Transport efficiencies for these cargos indicate that not only is the Tat machinery’s ability to transport substrates determined by the protein’s molecular weight, as well as by its dimensions. In total, these results suggest a dynamic translocon that undergoes functionally significant, ∆psi-dependent changes during translocation. Moreover, not every protein cargo can be directed through the Tat translocon by a Tat signal peptide, and this selectivity is not only related to the overall size of the protein, but also dependent on shape

The Stability of Market Extracted Overall Capitalization Rates*

Willard McIntosh is an Assistant Professor of Finance and Real Estate and Director of the Center for Real Estate Studies, College of Business and Economics at the University of Kentucky and William M. Whitaker III is Professor of Finance and Head, Department of Finance and Economics at Georgia Southern University

Distributional Impact of U.S. Farm Commodity Programs: Accounting for Alternative Farm Household Typologies

Agricultural households adjust to policy changes through market mechanisms by altering: their production mix, labor input, and on- and off-farm investments. Because of the significant heterogeneity among farms in the US agricultural sector, various types of farm households respond to the same policy change in significantly different ways. The parameters used to classify farm households into different typologies may also play a significant role in the interpretation of observed effects of policy changes. This paper, using a highly disaggregated U.S. Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, analyzes the distributional impacts of policy changes involving price-contingent government payments on alternative U.S. farm household typologies. We find that farm households do vary their responses to an elimination of price-contingent support based on location, production specialty, and farm categorization.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Characterization of a calcium/calmodulin-regulated SR/CAMTA gene family during tomato fruit development and ripening

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fruit ripening is a complicated development process affected by a variety of external and internal cues. It is well established that calcium treatment delays fruit ripening and senescence. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Previous studies have shown that calcium/calmodulin-regulated SR/CAMTAs are important for modulation of disease resistance, cold sensitivity and wounding response in vegetative tissues. To study the possible roles of this gene family in fruit development and ripening, we cloned seven <it>SR/CAMTAs</it>, designated as <it>SlSRs</it>, from tomato, a model fruit-bearing crop. All seven genes encode polypeptides with a conserved DNA-binding domain and a calmodulin-binding site. Calmodulin specifically binds to the putative targeting site in a calcium-dependent manner. All <it>SlSRs </it>were highly yet differentially expressed during fruit development and ripening. Most notably, the expression of <it>SlSR2 </it>was scarcely detected at the mature green and breaker stages, two critical stages of fruit development and ripening; and <it>SlSR3L </it>and <it>SlSR4 </it>were expressed exclusively in fruit tissues. During the developmental span from 10 to 50 days post anthesis, the expression profiles of all seven <it>SlSR</it>s were dramatically altered in ripening mutant <it>rin </it>compared with wildtype fruit. By contrast, only minor alterations were noted for ripening mutant <it>nor </it>and <it>Nr </it>fruit. In addition, ethylene treatment of mature green wildtype fruit transiently stimulated expression of all <it>SlSR</it>s within one to two hours.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study indicates that <it>SlSR </it>expression is influenced by both the <it>Rin</it>-mediated developmental network and ethylene signaling. The results suggest that calcium signaling is involved in the regulation of fruit development and ripening through calcium/calmodulin/SlSR interactions.</p

Deciphering the Mechanism of E. coli tat Protein Transport: Kinetic Substeps and Cargo Properties

The Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system transports fully folded and assembled proteins across the inner membrane into the periplasmic space. The E. coli Tat machinery minimally consists of three integral membrane proteins: TatA, TatB and TatC. A popular model of Tat translocation is that cargo first interacts with a substrate binding complex composed of TatB and TatC and then is transported across the inner membrane through a channel comprised primarily of TatA. The most common method for observing the kinetics of Tat transport, a protease protection assay, lacks the ability to distinguish between individual transport sub-steps and is limited by the inability to observe translocation in real-time. Therefore, a real-time FRET based assay was developed to observe interactions between the cargo protein pre-SufI, and its initial binding site, the TatBC complex. The cargo was found to first associate with the TatBC complex, and then, in the presence of a membrane potential (∆psi), migrate away from the initial binding site after a 20-45 second delay. Since cargo migration away from the TatBC complex was not directly promoted by the presence of a ∆psi, the delay likely represents some preparatory step that results in a transport competent translocon. In addition, the Tat system has long been identified as a potential biotechnological tool for protein production. However, much is still unknown about which cargos are suitable for transport by the Tat system. To probe the Tat system’s ability to transport substrates of different sizes and shapes, 18 different cargos were generated using the natural Tat substrate pre-SufI as a base. Transport efficiencies for these cargos indicate that not only is the Tat machinery’s ability to transport substrates determined by the protein’s molecular weight, as well as by its dimensions. In total, these results suggest a dynamic translocon that undergoes functionally significant, ∆psi-dependent changes during translocation. Moreover, not every protein cargo can be directed through the Tat translocon by a Tat signal peptide, and this selectivity is not only related to the overall size of the protein, but also dependent on shape