The Earth: Plasma Sources, Losses, and Transport Processes

This paper reviews the state of knowledge concerning the source of magnetospheric plasma at Earth. Source of plasma, its acceleration and transport throughout the system, its consequences on system dynamics, and its loss are all discussed. Both observational and modeling advances since the last time this subject was covered in detail (Hultqvist et al., Magnetospheric Plasma Sources and Losses, 1999) are addressed

Script language for avatar animation in 3D virtual environments

This paper continues previous work by the authors on the animation of anthropomorphic avatars in virtual reality environments. An avatar animation control system was built in three hierarchical levels: joint control, basic behaviors and script language. This paper focuses on the grammar and parser for the script language, which was designed to be easy to extend and modify. Also, in order to verify how flexible the hierarchical approach is, the two lower control levels were implemented in two different ways, without affecting the script language level

Behavior-based script language for anthropomorphic avatar animation in virtual environments

This paper reports development aspects of a behavior-based script language for the animation of anthropomorphic avatars in virtual reality environments. It discusses definition and implementation aspects of a behavior-based script language for the autonomous or interactive animation of a standard avatar

Hierarchical animation control of avatars in 3-D virtual environments

This paper reports the development of a three-layer hierarchical control system for the animation of anthropomorphic avatars in three-dimensional virtual environments. The lower layer controls the movement of the avatar's joints, the second layer defines skills or basic behaviors (such as walk, run, and jump), and the highest layer executes a behavior-based script language that can be used to describe stories to be enacted by the avatars. In order to verify how flexible the proposed hierarchical approach is, the two lower control layers were implemented in two different ways, without affecting the script language layer

A web-based 3D virtual robot remote control system

Robot remote control is a major subfield of robotics. It has many potential applications, such as remote production monitoring, remote exploration and manipulation in dangerous environments, tele-surgery and tele-teaching, etc. This paper proposes an approach to develop a robot remote control system by combining the 3D graphical model of the robot and the environment with the web based control software. The 3D graphical model of the environment and the robot is to get a more realistic interface which can help the user to remotely control the robot or part of the robot, such as the arm, for easier manipulation