The Role of Resilience in Rebuilding Lives of Injured Veterans

The aim of this commentary is to discuss potential clinical implications of introducing resilience building interventions into care for veterans who are living with a war wound. Some war veterans are expected to live with a wound upon discharge from an active military role and also to fit into civilian life. These lifestyle adjustments can tax the person’s coping abilities and in that context may hinder successful adaptation. The experience of living with a wound or wounds, either acute or chronic, is connected to losses, including loss of mobility, loss of financial capacity (unable to work during some of the wound healing period) and losses attached to changed social roles. Psychological stress is also a common experience for veterans returning to civilian life. Psychological stress is associated with impaired healing or dysregulation of a biomarker associated with wound healing. Modern health practice is centred on symptom reduction and working with pathology however, working with people’s adaptive behaviours such as resilience has not been a consideration. Using the resilience model as a conceptual framework healthcare professionals can engage with veterans towards resilience within the context of their personal experience of ill health. Using this contemporary framework for considering these aspects of care has the potential to facilitate resistance to stressors associated with being injured potentially averting quality of life impairments

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

Trace-element microanalysis by LA-ICP-MS: The quest for comprehensive chemical characterisation of single, sub-10 \u3bcm volcanic glass shards

Recent developments in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) have enabled improvements in spatial resolution and analytical detection limits. Here, the analysis of individual glass shards from tephra deposits using a 193 nm Excimer laser (producing ablation craters as small as 4 \u3bcm diameter), coupled to a magnetic sector ICP-MS, is described. Analyses of individual glass shards with crater diameters of 20 \u3bcm and 10 \u3bcm is essentially routine, and when element fractionation is corrected for, good accuracy is achieved. Analytical precision is good, being around \ub115-30% at 1 ppm and around \ub12-3% at 500 ppm from 10 \u3bcm diameter ablation craters, and lower limits of detection (LLD) are <1 ppm for most elements from 10 \u3bcm craters, when 25-28 trace elements are determined in a 3c20 s analysis. Neither 44Ca nor 43Ca can be used reliably as the internal standard for the analysis of rhyolites from 10 \u3bcm ablation craters, because CaO is close to the lower limit of quantitation (LLQ); thus 29Si must be used, although either could be used in the analysis of basaltic glasses at 10 \u3bcm. With analyses at 6 \u3bcm or 4 \u3bcm, many trace elements in rhyolites (e.g. Zr, Ba, LREE, Y, Rb, U, Th) remain above the LLQ, but at this resolution, only Si can be used as an internal standard for glass analysis. Element fractionation is an issue for all analyses <20 \u3bcm in diameter, resulting from the formation of a thin melt film on the ablation crater walls. This melt film becomes an increasingly larger proportion of the volume of ablated material as crater diameters become smaller, because the surface area/volume ratio increases. Element retention or volatility from this melt film appears to cause much of the fractionation. For larger craters (20 \u3bcm) this fractionation appears to affect all compositions similarly. For many elements determined from smaller craters (10 \u3bcm-4 \u3bcm) there is a systematic variation in the degree of fractionation with the glass (and thus melt film) composition. This relates to a change in the degree of polymerisation of the glass, with, for example, the REE being the most fractionated in polymerised rhyolitic samples at the smallest crater diameters (4 \u3bcm). This systematic behaviour, however, offers some hope for the analysis of a selection of abundant trace elements in individual shards of glass using ablation craters of 6 \u3bcm and 4 \u3bcm in diameter. \ua9 2011 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA

Tephra glass chemistry provides storage and discharge details of five magma reservoirs which fed the 75 ka Youngest Toba Tuff eruption, northern Sumatra

The Youngest Toba Tuff contains five distinct glass populations, identified from Ba, Sr and Y compositions, termed PI (lowest Ba) \u2013 PV (highest Ba), representing five compositionally distinct pre-eruptive magma batches that fed the eruption. The PI\u2013PV compositions display systematic changes, with higher FeO, CaO, MgO, TiO2 and lower incompatible element concentrations in the low-SiO2 PIV/PV, than the high-SiO2 PI\u2013PIII compositions. Glass shard abundances indicate PIV and PV were the least voluminous magma batches, and PI and PIII the most voluminous. Pressure estimates using rhyolite-MELTS indicate PV magma equilibrated at ~6 km, and PI magma at ~3.8 km. Glass population proportions in distal tephra and proximal (caldera-wall) material describe an eruption which commenced by emptying the deepest PIV and PV reservoirs, this being preferentially deposited in a narrow band across southern India (possibly due to jet-stream and/or plinian eruption transport), and as abundant pumice clasts in the lowermost proximal ignimbrites. Later, shallower magma reservoirs erupted, with PI being the most abundant as the eruption ended, sourcing the majority of distal ash from co-ignimbrite clouds (PI- and PIII-dominant), where associated ignimbrites isolated earlier (PIV- and PV-rich) deposits. This study shows how analysis of tephra glass compositional data can yield pre-eruption magma volume estimates, and enable aspects of magma storage conditions and eruption dynamics to be described

Identification of a Kulshan caldera correlative tephra in the Palouse loess of Washington State, northwest USA

The Kulshan caldera formed at 3c1.15 Ma on the present-day site of Mt. Baker, Washington State, northwest USA and erupted a compositionally zoned (dacite-rhyolite) magma and a correlative eruptive, the Lake Tapps tephra. This tephra has previously been described, but only from the Puget Lowland of NW Washington. Here an occurrence of a Kulshan caldera correlative tephra is described from the Quaternary Palouse loess at the Washtucna site (WA-3). Site WA-3 is located in east-central Washington, 3c340 km southeast of the Kulshan caldera and 3c300 km east-southeast of the Lake Tapps occurrence in the Puget Lowland. Major- and trace element chemistry and location of the deposit at Washtucna within reversed polarity sediments indicates that it is not correlative with the Mesa Falls, Rockland, Bishop Ash, Lava Creek B or Huckleberry Ridge tephras. Instead the Washtucna deposit is related to the Lake Tapps tephra by fractional crystallisation, but is chemically distinct, a consequence of its eruption from a compositionally zoned magma chamber. The correlation of the Washtucna occurrence to the Kulshan caldera-forming eruption indicates that it had an eruptive volume exceeding 100 km3, and that its tephra could provide a valuable early-Pleistocene chronostratigraphic marker in the Pacific Northwest

A compilation of new and published major and trace element data for NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612 glass reference materials

Microanalytical trace element techniques (such as ion probe or laser ablation ICP-MS) are hampered by a lack of well characterized/ homogeneous standards. Two silicate glass reference materials produced by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), MIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612, have been shown to be homogeneous and are spiked with up to sixty one trace elements at nominal concentrations of 500 \u3bcg g-1 and 50 \u3bcg g-1 respectively. These samples (supplied as 3 mm wafers) are equivalent to NIST SRM 611 and NIST SRM 613 respectively (which are supplied as 1 mm wafers) and are becoming more widely used as potential microanalytical reference materials. NIST however, only certifies up to eight elements in these glasses. Here we have compiled concentration data from approximately sixty published works for both glasses, and have produced new analyses from our laboratories. Compilations are presented for the matrix composition of these glasses and for fifty eight trace elements. The trace element data includes all available new and published data, and summaries present the overall average and standard deviation, the range, median, geometric mean and a preferred average (which excludes all data outside \ub1 one standard deviation of the overall average). For the elements which have been certified, there is a good agreement between the compiled averages and the NIST data. This compilation is designed to provide useful new working values for these reference materials