Animal welfare and meat quality in pigs as affected by trailer type, travel distance and genotype

L’objectif de cette thèse consistait à évaluer les effets de la conception des véhicules pot-belly [PB] vs. flat-deck [FD] ainsi que les distances des transports (45 min vs. 7 h) sur le bien-être animal et la qualité de la viande des trois croisements Piétrain (Piétrain 50% HALNn (50Nn), 50% HALNN (50NN), et 25% HALNN (25NN). Les réponses comportementales et physiologiques ainsi que les paramètres de qualité de la viande ont été mesurées. Les relations entre la température corporelle juste avant l’abattage, mesurée par la thermographie infrarouge (IRT), et les paramètres de bien-être animal et de la qualité de la viande ont également été étudiées et comparées. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus des deux études sur les transports de longue et courte distance ont indiqué que la génétique a un impact plus important sur les paramètres de bien-être animal et de qualité de viande que le type de remorque. Toutefois, les effets négatifs du génotype sur les réponses physiologiques au stress et les paramètres de qualité de la viande sont plus marqués pour le modèle PB lorsque le transport est de courte durée. Les porcs issus de croisement Piétrain 50%, quel que soit le génotype HAL, ont produit des carcasses plus maigres, mais semblent être plus sensibles au stress lié au transport. La qualité de la viande n'a pas été affectée par la proportion de l'héritage Piétrain dans le croisement, mais par la présence du gène HAL. L’étude de la température corporelle par thermographie infrarouge suggère que l'IRT oculaire peut détecter des changements de la température corporelle associée à l'état physiologique des porcs et peut être considéré comme un outil potentiel pour prévoir les variations de la qualité de la viande dans des conditions commerciales.This thesis dealt with the effects of vehicle design (pot-belly [PB] vs. flat-deck [FD]) and transport distances (45 min vs. 7 h) on animal welfare and pork quality of three Pietrain crossbreds (Pietrain 50% HALNn (50Nn), Pietrain 50% HALNN (50NN), and Pietrain 25% HALNN (25NN). Behavioural and physiological responses and pork quality parameters were measured. The relationship between body temperature as measured by infrared thermography (IRT) in the restrainer before stunning and other animal welfare and pork quality parameters was also studied. Results obtained from both short and long distance transportation indicated that genetics has a larger impact on animal welfare parameters and pork quality traits than trailer type. However, under short distance transportation the PB trailer model augmented the negative genotype-related defects as measured by physiological responses to stress and pork quality parameters. Pigs with 50% Pietrain crossbreeding, regardless of the HAL genotype, produced leaner carcasses but appeared to be more responsive to transport stress. Pork quality was not detrimentally affected by the proportion of Pietrain inheritance in the crossbred but by the presence of the HAL gene. The study of IRT body temperature suggests that ocular IRT may detect changes in body temperature associated with the physiological condition of pigs and may be considered a potential tool to predict pork quality variation under commercial conditions

Shallow gas features and distribution in the Patos Lagoon: a coastal trap for gas-generator sediments

Sedimentos gasosos são muito comuns nos ambientes costeiros em todo o mundo e suas ocorrências são claramente reveladas como anomalias acústicas por diversas ferramentas sísmicas, em diferentes escalas e resoluções. Este artigo apresenta exemplos de anomalias acústicas relacionadas ao gás, em perfis sísmicos (SBP) de alta resolução da Lagoa dos Patos, Sul do Brasil. Os ecogramas mostram anomalias acústicas devidas ao gás, as quais podem apresentar uma morfologia distinta para gás aprisionado no sedimento, percolação ou gás livre na coluna de água. As depressões topográficas pretéritas preenchidas com sedimentos gasosos são relacionadas aos antigos sistemas de drenagem, desenvolvidos na região costeira devido às oscilações do nível do mar durante o Quaternário. Assim, essas ocorrências de gás raso parecem ser controladas pela configuração paleoambiental, arranjo de preenchimento da bacia de sedimentação e condições hidrodinâmicas. Desde o estabelecimento da configuração atual, após o período de nível do mar alto do Holoceno, o interior da lagoa de Patos comporta-se como uma armadilha costeira para sedimentos finos, ricos em matéria orgânica e propícios a formação de gás, margeado por sedimentos mais grossos e sem gás.Gas-charged sediments are very common in coastal environments worldwide, and their occurrence is usually clearly revealed as acoustic anomalies by a number of different seismic tools at differing scales and resolutions. This paper presents examples of gas-related acoustic anomalies in high resolution sub-bottom profiles (SBP) from the Patos Lagoon, Southern Brazil. The echograms show acoustic gas-related anomalies, which can present distinctive morphology for sediment-trapped gas, leaking or free gas in the water column. The paleo-topographic depressions filled with gas-charged sediments are related to former drainage systems developed in the coast in response to Quaternary sea level up and down events. Hence, such shallow gas occurrences seem to be controlled by the previous environmental configuration, the transgressive infilling arrangement of the basin, and the hydrodynamic conditions. Since the establishment of the present configuration, following sea level highstand of the Holocene, the Patos Lagoon interior seems to behave as a coastal trap for fine-grained, organic-rich gas-generator sediments, bordered by coarser gas-free sediments

Physical and Mental Health Consequences of Obesity in Women

Obesity and overweight are major health concerns and the leading preventable cause of death in developed and developing countries. Obesity affects men and women differently due to biological, socioeconomic, cultural and country-specific gender-related disparities. This book chapter outlines obesity as a risk factor for physical diseases and mental health disorders in women. Obesity has been shown to contribute to the risk of certain types of cancer, including breast, endometrial, gallbladder, oesophageal and renal cancer. In terms of reproductive health, obesity negatively affects both fertility and contraception. In addition, obesity is associated with early miscarriage, higher rates of caesarean section and high-risk obstetrical conditions, in addition to higher maternal and neonatal mortality rates, and congenital malformations. In terms of mental health, obesity is closely linked to depression, anxiety disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and sleep disorders. Socioeconomic, psychosocial and behavioural factors, factors associated with ageing, mechanisms related to the microbiome, gastrointestinal and vascular system, intracellular pathophysiology and metabolism in the body, hormones, adipocytokines and problems associated with medical treatment are important factors linking obesity with its negative consequences on physical and mental health

Design and stigma: the relation between mobility aid and stigmatization of older people

Walking aids are part of the material culture of older adults. If, on the one hand, they bring security to this population, on the other, they trigger a stigmatization process that generates negative emotions. This research reflects on the power of design and its ability to stigmatize aging through product categories (canes, crutches, and walkers). The discussion is divided into three parts: I) Things and their meanings, II) The biomedical device and III) The stigma of design. In this way, we present how design knowledge is organized by the biomedical device (medical-hospital aesthetics) and how it stigmatizes mobility aids and the aged body. Finally, from an interdisciplinary perspective, this article has contributed to understanding the stigmatization process through the meanings attributed to materiality (product-body-prejudice-emotions-product).Walking aids are part of the material culture of older adults. If, on the one hand, they bring security to this population, on the other, they trigger a stigmatization process that generates negative emotions. This research reflects on the power of design and its ability to stigmatize aging through product categories (canes, crutches, and walkers). The discussion is divided into three parts: I) Things and their meanings, II) The biomedical device and III) The stigma of design. In this way, we present how design knowledge is organized by the biomedical device (medical-hospital aesthetics) and how it stigmatizes mobility aids and the aged body. Finally, from an interdisciplinary perspective, this article has contributed to understanding the stigmatization process through the meanings attributed to materiality (product-body-prejudice-emotions-product). )

Elementos Arquiteturais do Substrato da Lagoa dos Patos Revelados por Sísmica de Alta Resolução

A high-resolution seismic survey was performed on the Lagoa dos Patos, southern Brazil. The survey was conducted aboard the research vessel LARUS of the Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. The seismic profiles were obtained using a 3.5 kilohertz frequency, which provided a rather good penetration depth and resolution of the records. Results of the seismic records allowed the determination and mapping of seismic facies and seismic sequences, as well as related architectural elements, which were identified basically through the configuration patterns of the seismic reflectors. The analysis of the seismic records allowed the identification of the architectural elements that build up the sedimentary pile accumulated in the coastal prism of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, contributing to a better understanding of the geological evolution of the southern Brazilian coastal plain during the Quaternary period.Fil: Weschenfelder, Jair. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Corrêa, Iran C. S.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Aliotta, Salvador. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentin

Labirinto de espelhos: a trilogia no cinema

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunição e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, Florianópolis, 2009.Procuramos compreender como se forma o discurso na trilogia cinematográfica. Qual o critério adotado por cineastas e pela crítica para que três filmes diferentes constituam uma mesma ordem discursiva. Desse modo, tentamos identificar quais os pontos de amarração entre enunciados dispersos no tempo e no espaço para que se configure uma trilogia cinematográfica. Analisamos diferenças no modo de produção e de narração em série, distinguindo entre trilogias no contexto da indústria cinematográfica e no âmbito do cinema autoral. Visamos compreender como a trilogia se relaciona com os demais textos do autor e, neste processo, como o cineasta se expõe e se comporta diante da organização do seu imaginário. Questionamos quem é autorizado, em nossa sociedade, a dizer que três obras de um determinado autor definem-se como trilogia. Concluímos, entre outras coisas, que a proposição de trilogia pode ser considerada muito mais como um gesto de controle do texto e do imaginário que a sua expansão

Segurança do paciente em unidade de terapia intensiva adulto

Patient safety is an ethical issue in nursing care, which should be carried out in the best possible way, in order to promote and cooperate in preventing and reducing the occurrence of errors. This study aims to identify the nursing team's nursing care practices for patient safety in an adult intensive care unit of a mid-sized hospital located in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, descriptive, exploratory qualitative approach. Ten professionals of the unit were interviewed using an instrument containing 14 questions, using the Bardin Content Analysis to identify the focal points of the information collected. Results: Data analysis revealed three categories, which describe the main findings. The nurses of the Intensive Care Unit are faced daily with diagnoses of severe patients, and these have an important role in the survival of sick individuals, and can come from several factors. Conclusion: It is concluded that more comprehensive actions are needed in which events prevention measures are adopted, since there is still a need to stimulate patient safety and discuss with the nursing team effective strategies on the subject.A segurança do paciente é uma questão ética do cuidado de enfermagem, que deve ser realizado da melhor maneira possível, a fim de promover e cooperar na prevenção e diminuição de ocorrência de erros. Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar as práticas assistenciais da equipe de enfermagem para a segurança do paciente em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto de um hospital de médio porte localizado no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram do questionário dez profissionais da unidade utilizando-se um instrumento contendo 14 perguntas, sendo que se utilizou da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin para identificar os pontos focais das informações coletadas. Resultados: Na análise dos dados emergiram tres categorias, as quais descrevem os principais achados. Os enfermeiros da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva se deparam diariamente com diagnósticos de pacientes graves, e estes têm um papel importante na sobrevida de indivíduos enfermos, sendo que podem ser oriundos de diversos fatores. Conclusão: Conclui-se que é necessário ações mais abrangentes onde sejam adotadas medidas de prevenção de eventos. Pois ainda existe a necessidades de estimular a segurança do paciente e discutir junto com a equipe de enfermagem estrategias efetivas sobre o tema