Effect of storage conditions on selected characteristics of eggs derived from green-legged partridge hens

Celem pracy było porównanie wybranych cech jaj pochodzących od kur rasy Zielononóżka kuropatwiana w zależności od czasu i temperatury ich przechowywania. Materiałem doświadczalnym były jaja uzyskane od 50-tygodniowych kur tej rasy. Badania przeprowadzono na próbie 60 jaj, podzielonych losowo na trzy grupy doświadczalne. Grupę pierwszą oceniano jako jaja świeże, drugą grupę stanowiły jaja przechowywane w chłodziarce w temperaturze 6 °C przez 20 dni, a trzecią grupę jaja przechowywane przez 20 dni w temperaturze 24 °C. Oceniano jaja w całości, a następnie po ich wybiciu na szklaną płytkę. Przechowywanie jaj przez 20 dni w temperaturze 24 °C znacznie zintensyfikowało procesy ich starzenia się. Zwiększone parowanie wody z treści jaj w tej temperaturze wpłynęło na zwiększenie wysokości komory powietrznej, istotne zmniejszenie masy jaj (z 32,55 do 27,93 g), zmniejszenie zawartości białka ogólnego (z 32,55 do 27,93 g) oraz obniżenie jednostek Hougha (JH) białka i wzrost zasadowości białka. Zaobserwowano istotnie większą (p ≤ 0,05) masę żółtka w jajach przechowywanych przez 20 dni w temperaturze 24 °C w porównaniu z masą żółtka jaj przechowywanych w temperaturze 6 °C, co było spowodowane przenikaniem wody z białka. Jednocześnie zaobserwowano istotne (p ≤ 0,01) zwiększenie indeksu żółtka oraz nieznaczny wzrost wartości pH – z 6,01 do 6,62. Temperatura 24 °C i wydłużony czas przechowywania jaj wywarły niekorzystny wpływ na dynamikę zmian zachodzących w ocenianych jajach, co przyczyniło się do utraty ich świeżości.The objective of the research study was to compare some selected characteristics of eggs derived from hens of the Green-legged Partridge species depending on the time and temperature of storage. The experimental material comprised the eggs derived from 50 weeks old hens of this species. A sample of 60 eggs were analyzed; the eggs were divided randomly into three experimental groups. The eggs in the first group were assessed as fresh eggs, the eggs in the second group were stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 6 °C for 20 days, and the eggs in the third group were stored at a temperature of 24 °C for 20 days. At first, the whole eggs were assessed; next, the eggs were spilled onto a glass plate and, then, assessed. The storing of eggs for 20 days at a temperature of 24 °C significantly intensified the processes of their ageing. An increased evaporation of water from the eggs caused the height of air cell to increase, the weight of eggs to significantly decrease (from 32.55 to 27.93 g), the content of total white to decrease (from 32.55 to 27.93 g), the IH of white to drop, and the alkalinity of white to grow. Significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater yolk weight was observed in the eggs stored for 20 days at 24 °C than in the eggs stored at 6 °C, which was due to penetration of water from the albumen. At the same time, it was reported a significant increase (p ≤ 0,01) in the yolk index and a slight increase in the value of pH from 6.01 to 6.62. The temperature of 24 °C and the extended time of storing the eggs negatively affected the dynamics of changes occurring in the eggs assessed and this fact caused that the eggs lost their freshness

Interleukin-18, together with interleukin-12, induces severe acute pancreatitis in obese but not in nonobese leptin-deficient mice

Obesity is associated with increased severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). The cytokines IL-18 and IL-12 are elevated in patients with AP, and IL-18 levels are high in obesity. We aimed to develop a pathologically relevant model to study obesity-associated severe AP. Lean WT and obese leptin-deficient ob/ob mice received two injections of IL-12 plus IL-18. Survival, pancreatic inflammation, and biochemical markers of AP were measured. Dosing with IL-12 plus IL-18 induced 100% lethality in ob/ob mice; no lethality was observed in WT mice. Disruption of pancreatic exocrine tissue and acinar cell death as well as serum amylase and lipase levels were significantly higher in ob/ob than in WT mice. Edematous AP developed in WT mice, whereas obese ob/ob mice developed necrotizing AP. Adipose tissue necrosis and saponification were present in cytokine-injected ob/ob but not in WT mice. Severe hypocalcemia and elevated acute-phase response developed in ob/ob mice. The cytokine combination induced high levels of regenerating protein 1 and pancreatitis-associated protein expression in the pancreas of WT but not of ob/ob mice. To differentiate the contribution of obesity to that of leptin deficiency, mice received short- and long-term leptin replacement therapy. Short-term leptin reconstitution in the absence of major weight loss did not protect ob/ob mice, whereas leptin deficiency in the absence of obesity resulted in a significant reduction in the severity of the pancreatitis. In conclusion, we developed a pathologically relevant model of AP in which obesity per se is associated with increased severity