Biological sulphate reduction with primary sewage sludge in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor – Part 3: Performance at 20°C and 35°C

The performance of 2 biological sulphate reduction (BSR) upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors fed primary sewage sludge (PSS) and sulphate, one at 20oC (R2) and one at 35oC (R1) is described. To maintain the effluent sulphate concentration below 250 mgSO42-/., the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and bed solids retention time (SRT or sludge age) both needed to be longer and the feed primary sewage sludge (PSS) COD to SO4 2- ratio higher at 20oC than at 35oC, viz. 20.4 to 21.0 h, 24 d and 1.75 gCOD/gSO4 2- at 20oC and 16.4 to 17.0 h, 21 d and 1.75 gCOD/gSO4 2- at 35oC respectively. The longer HRT, SRT and higher feed PSS COD/ SO4 2- ratio is a consequence of a slower PSS hydrolysis/acidogenesis rate at 20oCresulting in a lower biodegradable particulate organics conversion to volatile fatty acids (VFA). Solid liquid separation in both systems was good yielding average particulate and soluble organic COD concentrations of (150 and 100 mgCOD/. for R1; 138 and 96 mgCOD/. for R2). The sulphate reduction was >90% in both systems. The UASB reactor R1 (at 35oC) was also operated at an increased influent sulphate concentration (1 800 mgSO4 2-/.) to investigate the inhibition effect by un-dissociated hydrogen sulphide generated from the reduction of this high sulphate concentration. It was found that a highsulphate reduction (~ 92%) was maintained even at the relatively low HRT of 18.5 h. The COD and S mass balances above 95% were achieved over both systems indicating that the performance data obtained from them is reliable for developing and calibrating mathematical models

Groundwater resource-directed measures software

Sustainability, equity and efficiency are identified as central guiding principles in the protection, use, development, conservation, management and control of water resources. These principles recognise the basic human needs of present and future generations, the need to protect water resources, the need to share some water resources with other countries, the need to promote social and economic development through the use of water, and the need to establish suitable institutions in order to achieve the purpose of the National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998). To be able to implement the National Water Act (NWA), the Minister needs to ensure that the tools and expertise required to implement the Act are available. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) set about developing the required methods and procedures to comply with the provisions set out in the Act. The classification of a resource is the starting point of the process.The Reserve, a provision in the Act that requires water to be set aside for basic human needs and aquatic ecosystems before allocation to other users, is based on classification. Protection measures that cannot be accommodated in the Reserve are accommodated in resource quality objectives which are based on both the classification and the Reserve. This approach is particularly relevant to groundwater, since the Reserve only relates to basic human needs and aquatic ecosystems and does not make provision for the protection of resources that are not linked to these uses. As part of addressing this issue, software was developed to assist in resource assessments, with the focus on all three components that need to be assessed. A case study is used to demonstrate how the software can be used to assist in resource assessments

Theology and science: The quest for a new apologetics

This paper claims that the hazy intersection between the diverse fields of theology and the other sciences is not to be clarified in the first place by exploring methodological parallels or degrees of consonance between theology and the sciences. What should be explored first is the epistemological question of the nature and status of explanations and of explanatory claims in theology and science. The similarities, as well as important differences between theology and science, will thus be highlighted when we focus this discussion on the shaping of rationality in theology and science, on the hermeneutical problem of relating context and meaning, and on the fallibilist nature of both theological and scientific truth claims

The Ursinus Weekly, March 1, 1943

Nancy Landis tops Jean Haight\u27s lead in bond queen vote • Two freshmen play leading characters in Cat and Canary • Ursinus to be site for V-12 training unit according to Navy announcement today • Collegeville women explain war work at girls\u27 assembly • President spikes rumors of CAA move to Ursinus • War nurse describes Poland\u27s valiant fight • Dental dean at temple to speak to pre-meds • Dr. Lentz defines true gentleman • Lantern names Cooke head • Juniors will limit frills for wartime spring prom • Truth contest highlights YM-YW hatchet hop Friday • Men\u27s and women\u27s debating clubs to clash on world federation topic • New science applications to be shown to chemists • English Club to add four • Music Club hears students • Eight wrestlers will compete in Middle Atlantics • Coeds top Bryn Mawr for 4th straight win • Bears play Swarthmore tonite then face Temple, Haverford • Three opponents fare poorly in contests last week • Four records fall as Ursinus loses to St. Joe\u27s 77-35 • Matmen drop 21-11 decision at Haverford Wednesday • Maples and Lynnewood win • Ursinus batallion tastes Army life with marching, exams on first dayhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1755/thumbnail.jp

Decreased Cardiac Glutathione Peroxidase Levels and Enhanced Mandibular Apoptosis in Malformed Embryos of Diabetic Rats

OBJECTIVE— To characterize normal and malformed embryos within the same litters from control and diabetic rats for expression of genes related to metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or glucose as well as developmental genes

The Ursinus Weekly, December 14, 1942

Academic council announces future examination dates • Banquet and party will highlight gala Christmas season • Frosh elect Bain to council • Adamic explains Two-Way passage and reconstruction plans to forum • Annual senior ball trip to tropic isle attracts 120 couples • Oldest grad dies in Philly hospital • Four soloists and supporting chorus score in Messiah • Pre-Meds hear Dressler talk on tropic diseases • Ex-college nurse moves • Thirteen added as Weekly reporters • Rev. Schlingman to speak at brotherhood meeting • Inter frat-sorority ball will climax rushing week • Year\u27s first Lantern issue to be published this week • Ring around Elizabeth pleases large crowd as weekend climax • Ursinus grad of \u2738 receives commission by air mail • Jayvee hockey team had good year with five wins, two losses • Giants dominate intramural all-stars named by coaches • Muhlenberg captures league football title • Intramural teams ready to begin after holidays • Ping pong tourney begins • Take a look before you leap • Bowen receives commission • Fraternity rushing rules • Registrar\u27s office issues reserve list • 1914 grad made lieutenant colonelhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1749/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, February 1, 1943

Dr. Wilson Godshall will tell forum of post-war Far East • Commission named to block hoarding of Lorelei material • Diplomas presented to thirty-nine at first mid-term commencement • Enlisted reserves soon to be called under army plans • Economists needed for vital war jobs • Merchant Marine Corps will accept enlistments • Five mid-year graduates to report for active duty • Navy list names grad as missing • Kitchen head faintly optimistic despite rigors of food shortage • Garner addresses pre-meds • Much, Tomafsky dismissed • Additional history courses to be required of teachers • Ghost to get gals money • Coeds face Penn in season opener at home Thursday • Rangers tighten grasp on intra league lead • Jayvee girls to make debut under coach Hogeland in clash with Penn • Unbeaten rangers to play three games while snipers meet sailors this week • Wrestling squad vacancies offer chance for new men • Dean bags large quota in elimination tourney • President attends meeting at Capitol • Weil downs two more Nazis • Phys-edders go swimming • French Club will present Gabin in Grand illusion • Hainley sets weekend datehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1751/thumbnail.jp

A Modified Synchrotron Model for Knots in the M87 Jet

For explaining the broadband spectral shape of knots in the M87 jet from radio through optical to X-ray, we propose a modified synchrotron model that considers the integrated effect of particle injection from different acceleration sources in the thin acceleration region. This results in two break frequencies at two sides of which the spectral index of knots in the M87 jet changes. We discuss the possible implications of these results for the physical properties in the M87 jet. The observed flux of the knots in the M87 jet from radio to X-ray can be satisfactorily explained by the model, and the predicted spectra from ultraviolet to X-ray could be further tested by future observations. The model implies that the knots D, E, F, A, B, and C1 are unlikely to be the candidate for the TeV emission recently detected in M87.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

Low rates of exclusive breastfeeding are still evident in four South African provinces

Objectives: Breastfeeding is one of the primary strategies used to enhance infant nutrition and improving child survival worldwide. The intention of globally increasing the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) to at least 50% of infants in the first six months of life was stated in the 2014 International Conference on Nutrition Rome Declaration on Nutrition and the Post-2015 Development Agenda. This study aimed to explore the infant-feeding practices of mothers and caregivers of infants aged ≤ 6 months in four provinces in South Africa.Setting and subjects: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four provinces in South Africa. In total, 40 health facilities were randomly selected in the four provinces and visited, including metropolitan and non-metropolitan health facilities over the geographical area of the provinces. The sample size comprised mothers and/or caregivers of babies aged ≤ 6 months.Design: Fixed-format interviews were used in this cross-sectional study on 580 mothers and/or caregivers. The mothers completed 24-hour recall based on the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations dietary diversity list, consisting of 12 different food groups, to assess dietary intake and diversity.Results: The EBF rate for infants up to the age of six months was 12%. Mothers who delivered full-term babies were most likely to initiate breastfeeding within the first hour of delivery. More than a third of the mothers had ceased breastfeeding by one month (40%, n = 23). The introduction of complementary food took place in 17% of infants during this first month. The minimum standards of dietary diversity were met by one infant only. Different reasons found to influence mothers’ feeding practices included needing to return to work (29%) or their studies (12%), the mothers’ health status (25%), and perceptions of an “insufficient” milk supply (13%).Conclusion: Therefore, new strategies should address these gaps in knowledge with key breastfeeding awareness messages and a special focus on community involvement and participation. There is also a need for the whole nutrition fraternity, including government, academia and development industries, to intervene by developing more innovative approaches to increase the rate of EBF in South Africa.Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, South Africa, low rates, infant feeding practice