271 research outputs found
Structured Neural-PI Control with End-to-End Stability and Output Tracking Guarantees
We study the optimal control of multiple-input and multiple-output dynamical
systems via the design of neural network-based controllers with stability and
output tracking guarantees. While neural network-based nonlinear controllers
have shown superior performance in various applications, their lack of provable
guarantees has restricted their adoption in high-stake real-world applications.
This paper bridges the gap between neural network-based controllers and the
need for stabilization guarantees. Using equilibrium-independent passivity, a
property present in a wide range of physical systems, we propose neural
Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers that have provable guarantees of
stability and zero steady-state output tracking error. The key structure is the
strict monotonicity on proportional and integral terms, which is parameterized
as gradients of strictly convex neural networks (SCNN). We construct SCNN with
tunable softplus- activations, which yields universal approximation
capability and is also useful in incorporating communication constraints. In
addition, the SCNNs serve as Lyapunov functions, giving us end-to-end
performance guarantees. Experiments on traffic and power networks demonstrate
that the proposed approach improves both transient and steady-state
performances, while unstructured neural networks lead to unstable behaviors.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2206.0026
How hypoxia affects microbiota metabolism in mice
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and the fecal metabolites of hypoxic environments in mice.MethodsHigh-fat diet-induced obese mice (n = 20) and normal diet-fed mice (n = 20) were randomly divided into four groups: high altitude obese group (HOB), high altitude normal weight group (HN), low altitude obese group LOB (LOB), and low altitude normal weight group (LN). Fecal samples from each group were 16S rRNA gene sequenced, and five samples from each of the four groups above were selected for non-targeted fecal metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relationship between gut microbiota and fecal metabolites was analyzed using SIMCA 14.1, MetaboAnalyst 5.0 and R 4.1.11.Results(A) Body weight was significantly lower in the hypoxic obesity group than in the normoxic obesity group. (B) Differences in α-diversity and β-diversity were found in the fecal gut microbiota of mice of different body weights and altitude, and the diversity of gut microbiota was higher in the normal group than in the obese group; the results of the comparison between the two groups showed that Faecalibaculum, Romboutsia, Lactobacillus, and A2 were associated with obesity; Romboutsia was associated with hypoxia. (C) The metabolic profiles of fecal metabolites differed between groups: gut microbiota were associated with nucleotide and amino acid metabolism in the same body groups, while gut microbiota were associated with lipid and amino acid metabolism in the same oxygen concentration groups.Conclusion(a) Gut microbiota diversity was reduced in obese groups. Romboutsia was the dominant microbiota in the hypoxia group. (b) Gut microbiota were associated with nucleotide and amino acid metabolism in the same body weight groups, while they were associated with lipid and amino acid metabolism in the same altitude groups
Dynamical commensuration effect in a two-dimensional Yukawa solid modulated by periodic substrates
Transverse depinning dynamics of a periodic-square-substrate modulated
two-dimensional dusty plasma solid driven by a constant force in the
longitudinal direction are investigated using Langevin dynamical simulations.
During the increase of the commensuration ratio (the number ratio of particles
to substrate potential wells), the nonmonotonic variation trend of the critical
transverse depinning force is observed. It is found that the local maxima and
minima of the critical transverse depinning force just correspond to the
dynamical commensurate and incommensurate conditions, respectively. The
dynamical commensurate effect is also clearly exhibited from the stable
one-dimensional channel particle trajectories and the highly ordered structure,
however, both the particle trajectories and the structure are more disordered
under the incommensurate conditions. The nonmonotonic variation of the critical
transverse depinning force is attributed to the stability of the lattice
structure under various commensuration ratios.Comment: 9 pages, 4 postscript figure
Point Defects in Two-Dimensional RuCl3
Defects are crucial in determining a variety of material properties
especially in low dimensions. In this work, we study point defects in monolayer
alpha-phase Ruthenium (III) chloride (alpha-RuCl3), a promising candidate to
realize quantum spin liquid with nearly degenerate magnetic states. Our
first-principles simulations reveal that Cl vacancies, Ru vacancies, and oxygen
substitutional defects are the most energetically stable point defects.
Besides, these point defects break the magnetic degeneracy: Cl vacancies and
oxygen substitutional defects energetically favor the zigzag-antiferromagnetic
configuration while Ru vacancies favor the ferromagnetic configuration,
shedding light on understanding the observed magnetic structures and further
defect engineering of magnetism in monolayer {\alpha}-RuCl3. We further
calculated their electronic structures and optical absorption spectra. The
polarization symmetry of optical responses provides a convenient signature to
identify the point defect types and long-range magnetic orders.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figure
SPOT: Scalable 3D Pre-training via Occupancy Prediction for Autonomous Driving
Annotating 3D LiDAR point clouds for perception tasks including 3D object
detection and LiDAR semantic segmentation is notoriously
time-and-energy-consuming. To alleviate the burden from labeling, it is
promising to perform large-scale pre-training and fine-tune the pre-trained
backbone on different downstream datasets as well as tasks. In this paper, we
propose SPOT, namely Scalable Pre-training via Occupancy prediction for
learning Transferable 3D representations, and demonstrate its effectiveness on
various public datasets with different downstream tasks under the
label-efficiency setting. Our contributions are threefold: (1) Occupancy
prediction is shown to be promising for learning general representations, which
is demonstrated by extensive experiments on plenty of datasets and tasks. (2)
SPOT uses beam re-sampling technique for point cloud augmentation and applies
class-balancing strategies to overcome the domain gap brought by various LiDAR
sensors and annotation strategies in different datasets. (3) Scalable
pre-training is observed, that is, the downstream performance across all the
experiments gets better with more pre-training data. We believe that our
findings can facilitate understanding of LiDAR point clouds and pave the way
for future exploration in LiDAR pre-training. Codes and models will be
released.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
Overexpression of ERBB-2 was more frequently detected in malignant than benign pheochromocytomas by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and immunohistochemistry
To analyze the genetic alterations of pheochromocytomas and evaluate the difference among malignant, extra-adrenal, and benign pheochromocytomas. Forty-three tumor samples were tested for genetic changes using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Among them, 39 samples were available for protein expression analysis by immunohistochemistry (IHC). All 43 patients (24 women and 19 men; mean age 44.6±13.6 years; range 18–75 years; 9 with malignant, 7 extra-adrenal, and 27 benign) showed multiple copy number losses or gains. The average copy number change was 13.10 in malignant, 13.93 in benign, and 13.47 in paraganglioma patients. There is no significant difference among the three groups of pheochromocytomas. However, we discovered that in the malignant pheochromocytomas, 6 of the 9 patients (67%) showed erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB-2) oncogene gain, whereas only 12 of the 34 (35%) identified change in the benign and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Further, IHC confirmed that ERBB-2-positive staining was more frequent and stronger in malignant pheochromocytomas than in benign and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Our study illustrates the chromosomal changes of the whole genome of Chinese pheochromocytoma patients. The results suggest that there may be certain progression of genetic events that involves chromosomes 1p, 3p, 6p, 11q, 12q, 17q, and 19q in the development of pheochromocytomas, and the activation of ERBB-2 located on chromosome 17q is an important and early event in the malignancy development of these tumor types. The overexpression of ERBB-2 identified by IHC suggested that this oncogene could be associated with the malignancy of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas
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