1,557 research outputs found
Design, simulation and experiment of a cusp electron beam for millimeter wave gyro-devices
The design, simulation and experiment of a thermionic cusp electron gun that is to be used for millimeter wave generation will be presented. A cusp gun uses a non-adiabatic magnetic field reversal to obtain azimuthal motion on an electron beam resulting in an annular shaped, axis-encircling beam. The cusp gun was designed to generate a beam of 1.5A at 40kV with an adjustable velocity ratio of up to 3.0. The beam had a simulated axial velocity spread of 7.4% and alpha spread of 10.1%. The beam had an averaged radius of 0.35mm and beam thickness of 0.05mm which is ideal to drive sub-mm wave gyro-devices under investigation
Mapping the Empirical Evidence of the GDPR (In-)Effectiveness: A Systematic Review
In the realm of data protection, a striking disconnect prevails between
traditional domains of doctrinal, legal, theoretical, and policy-based
inquiries and a burgeoning body of empirical evidence. Much of the scholarly
and regulatory discourse remains entrenched in abstract legal principles or
normative frameworks, leaving the empirical landscape uncharted or minimally
engaged. Since the birth of EU data protection law, a modest body of empirical
evidence has been generated but remains widely scattered and unexamined. Such
evidence offers vital insights into the perception, impact, clarity, and
effects of data protection measures but languishes on the periphery,
inadequately integrated into the broader conversation. To make a meaningful
connection, we conduct a comprehensive review and synthesis of empirical
research spanning nearly three decades (1995- March 2022), advocating for a
more robust integration of empirical evidence into the evaluation and review of
the GDPR, while laying a methodological foundation for future empirical
research
Modeling and Simulation for Steady State and Transient Pipe Flow of Condensate Gas
Condensate gas is mainly demonstrated by methane. However, it also contains a lot of heavier contents like C5 or C5+ and some non-hydrocarbon mixture as well (Mokhatab et al, 2006). After recovering from gas wells, condensate gas needs liquid separation, gas purification and condensate stabilization treatment in the processing plant to meet the quality requirements. Processing plants far away from the gas well with long distances of two-phase flow in one condensate gas pipeline will take less investment than adjacent process plant with two single phase pipelines which are dry gas pipeline and liquid phase pipeline (Li, 2008). If the operation temperature somewhere in the condensate gas pipeline is lower than the gas dew point, liquid condensation would occur, subjecting the pipeline to two phase flow (Potocnik, 2010). While gas and its condensate flow simultaneously, mass transfer takes place continuously due to the change in pressure and temperature conditions. This leads to compositional changes and associated fluid property changes and also makes the hydraulic and thermal calculations of condensate gas more complex than normal gas. The condensate gas pipeline model which is established and solved based on the principle of fluid mechanics can simulate hydraulic and thermal parameters under various operation conditions. By means of technical support, this model is of great importance in the pipeline design and safety operation aspects (Mokhatab, 2009)
Data portability as a new means of data protection? Examining the right to data portability in the EU General Data Protection Regulation
On 25 May 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) came into
effect across the European Union. This new Regulation has a number of
innovations, notably including a new right for the data subject to port personal
data out of a processing system and reuse it elsewhere. Data portability has
an immediate impact on data flows across systems and has been sought as a
catalyst for competition, consumer welfare, innovation and institutional
efficiency. The issue of how data portability furthers the objective of data
protection appears not straightforward.
This thesis primarily examines the legitimacy, coherence and added value of
the right to data portability in the EU data protection regime. In recognition of
its wide-ranging implications, it also explores how the GDPR right interacts
with many other areas of law and âinterfacesâ with user-centric technologies
devised to better protect our personal data.
The thesis is divided into six chapters. Before analysing the GDPR right,
Chapter 1 first maps a wide array of similar schemes that have emerged over
two decades (1995-2019), whether they be industry-initiated projects,
government-led initiatives or statutory schemes. Particular attention is paid to
the legacy of early attempts that predate the GDPR, as well as the recent
developments in the wake of the GDPR.
Chapters 2 provides a detailed account of the right to data portability in the
GDPR. It inquires whether the new right can legitimately sit within the EU data
protection framework, act in harmony with other components, and bring added
value to the imperative of data protection. The EU data protection regime has
a dual purpose, that is, the protection of personal data and the free movement
of personal data in the EU. Whereas Chapter 2 examines the right through the
lens of data protection, Chapter 3 ventures to explore the rightâs link to the free
flow of personal data. Beyond data protection, the GDPR right may also have
an impact on the economic welfare of the data subject. This is especially the
case when data protection, consumer protection and competition law converge
around the objective of promoting individual welfare. Chapter 3 examines
whether the GDPR right may legitimately pursue consumer welfare (an
overarching goal pursued by consumer protection and competition law), and
how it interacts with similar schemes recently developed in those interrelated
areas of law.
Chapter 4 focuses on the potential barriers to individual-led data flows,
resulting from a set of information rights relating to intellectual property, trade
secrets, and database protection. The extent to which the GDPR right
contributes to data protection depends upon the applicability and effects of
these counteracting rules. It is argued that a rough line exists between different
types of data to which the data protection and information rights respectively
apply. That said, grey areas do exist at the boundaries of data taxonomies,
and Chapter 4 examines the rules developed for balancing the rights in conflict.
To ensure that datasets smoothly flow between systems and are well adapted
to a new environment, the GDPR lays down some requirements concerning
data interoperability. Chapter 5 draws knowledge from the field of data science
and builds a conceptual model of interoperability to elucidate those legal
requirements. Since data interoperability relies upon layers of specifications,
this chapter reconstruct the EU Guidelines accordingly in order to clarify the
legal issues associated with each layer of interoperability. The GDPR rightâs
impact on data transmission and reuse is immediately noticeable; its
contribution to data protection is, however, not. Basically, this right promotes
data protection by channelling data into alternative systems where our data is
supposedly better protected. Chapter 6 surveys the user-centric technological
systems that have emerged over the last two decades (1999-2019). By
revealing their attributes, development and potential interplay with the legal
rights examined above, this chapter considers the extent to which a joint effort
of law and technology could make a difference to our quest for data protection
Topological Photonic Phase in Chiral Hyperbolic Metamaterials
Recently the possibility of achieving one-way backscatter immune
transportation of light by mimicking the topological order present within
certain solid state systems, such as topological insulators, has received much
attention. Thus far however, demonstrations of non-trivial topology in
photonics have relied on photonic crystals with precisely engineered lattice
structures, periodic on the scale of the operational wavelength and composed of
finely tuned, complex materials. Here we propose a novel effective medium
approach towards achieving topologically protected photonic surface states
robust against disorder on all length scales and for a wide range of material
parameters. Remarkably, the non-trivial topology of our metamaterial design
results from the Berry curvature arising from the transversality of
electromagnetic waves in a homogeneous medium. Our investigation therefore acts
to bridge the gap between the advancing field of topological band theory and
classical optical phenomena such as the Spin Hall effect of light. The
effective medium route to topological phases will pave the way for highly
compact one-way transportation of electromagnetic waves in integrated photonic
circuits.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. To appear in PR
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