Utility Maximization for Uplink MU-MIMO: Combining Spectral-Energy Efficiency and Fairness

Driven by green communications, energy efficiency (EE) has become a new important criterion for designing wireless communication systems. However, high EE often leads to low spectral efficiency (SE), which spurs the research on EE-SE tradeoff. In this paper, we focus on how to maximize the utility in physical layer for an uplink multi-user multiple-input multipleoutput (MU-MIMO) system, where we will not only consider EE-SE tradeoff in a unified way, but also ensure user fairness. We first formulate the utility maximization problem, but it turns out to be non-convex. By exploiting the structure of this problem, we find a convexization procedure to convert the original nonconvex problem into an equivalent convex problem, which has the same global optimum with the original problem. Following the convexization procedure, we present a centralized algorithm to solve the utility maximization problem, but it requires the global information of all users. Thus we propose a primal-dual distributed algorithm which does not need global information and just consumes a small amount of overhead. Furthermore, we have proved that the distributed algorithm can converge to the global optimum. Finally, the numerical results show that our approach can both capture user diversity for EE-SE tradeoff and ensure user fairness, and they also validate the effectiveness of our primal-dual distributed algorithm

Static/Dynamic Filtering for Mesh Geometry

The joint bilateral filter, which enables feature-preserving signal smoothing according to the structural information from a guidance, has been applied for various tasks in geometry processing. Existing methods either rely on a static guidance that may be inconsistent with the input and lead to unsatisfactory results, or a dynamic guidance that is automatically updated but sensitive to noises and outliers. Inspired by recent advances in image filtering, we propose a new geometry filtering technique called static/dynamic filter, which utilizes both static and dynamic guidances to achieve state-of-the-art results. The proposed filter is based on a nonlinear optimization that enforces smoothness of the signal while preserving variations that correspond to features of certain scales. We develop an efficient iterative solver for the problem, which unifies existing filters that are based on static or dynamic guidances. The filter can be applied to mesh face normals followed by vertex position update, to achieve scale-aware and feature-preserving filtering of mesh geometry. It also works well for other types of signals defined on mesh surfaces, such as texture colors. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed filter for various geometry processing applications such as mesh denoising, geometry feature enhancement, and texture color filtering

Global strong solutions and large time behavior to a micro-macro model for compressible polymeric fluids near equilibrium

In this paper, we mainly study the global strong solutions and its long time decay rates of all order spatial derivatives to a micro-macro model for compressible polymeric fluids with small initial data. This model is a coupling of isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations with a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation. We first prove that the micro-macro model admits a unique global strong solution provided the initial data are close to equilibrium state for $d\geq2$. Moreover, for $d\geq3$, we also show a new critical Fourier estimation that allow us to give the long time decay rates of $L^2$ norm for all order spatial derivatives

Global existence and optimal decay rate of weak solutions to some inviscid Oldroyd-B models

This paper is devoted to global existence and optimal decay rate of weak solutions to some inviscid Oldroyd-B models with center diffusion. By virtue of the properties of Calderon-Zygmund operator and the Littlewood-Paley decomposition theory, we firstly prove that the 2-D co-rotation inviscid Oldroyd-B model admits global weak solutions with some large data under different integrability conditions. Furthermore, we prove the energy conservation of weak solutions for the co-rotation case. These obtained results generalize and cover the classical results for the Euler equation. Moreover, we establish global weak solutions with small data for the 2-D noncorotation inviscid Oldroyd-B model without damping. Finally, we prove optimal decay rate of global weak solutions for the noncorotation case by the improved Fourier splitting method.Comment: 44 page

Global solutions and large time behavior for some Oldroyd-B type models in R2R^2

In this paper, we are concerned with global solutions to the co-rotation Oldroyd-B type model and large time behavior for the general Oldroyd-B type model. We first establish the energy estimate and B-K-M criterion for the 2-D co-rotation Oldroyd-B type model. Then, we obtain global solutions by proving the boundedness of vorticity. In general case, we apply Fourier spiltting method to prove the $H^1$ decay rate for global solutions constructed by T.M.Elgindi and F.Rousset

Large time behavior to a 2D micro-macro model for compressible polymeric fluids near equilibrium

In this paper, we mainly study the large time behavior to a 2D micro-macro model for compressible polymeric fluids with small initial data. This model is a coupling of isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations with a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation. Firstly the Fourier splitting method yields that the logarithmic decay rate. By virtue of the time weighted energy estimate, we can improve the decay rate to $(1 + t)^{-\frac{1}{4}}$. Under the low-frequency condition and by the Littlewood-Paley theory, we show that the solutions belong to some Besov spaces with negative index and obtain the optimal $L^2$ decay rate. Finally, we obtain the $\dot{H}^s$ decay rate by establishing a new Fourier splitting estimate

Trusta: Reasoning about Assurance Cases with Formal Methods and Large Language Models

Assurance cases can be used to argue for the safety of products in safety engineering. In safety-critical areas, the construction of assurance cases is indispensable. Trustworthiness Derivation Trees (TDTs) enhance assurance cases by incorporating formal methods, rendering it possible for automatic reasoning about assurance cases. We present Trustworthiness Derivation Tree Analyzer (Trusta), a desktop application designed to automatically construct and verify TDTs. The tool has a built-in Prolog interpreter in its backend, and is supported by the constraint solvers Z3 and MONA. Therefore, it can solve constraints about logical formulas involving arithmetic, sets, Horn clauses etc. Trusta also utilizes large language models to make the creation and evaluation of assurance cases more convenient. It allows for interactive human examination and modification. We evaluated top language models like ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and PaLM 2 for generating assurance cases. Our tests showed a 50%-80% similarity between machine-generated and human-created cases. In addition, Trusta can extract formal constraints from text in natural languages, facilitating an easier interpretation and validation process. This extraction is subject to human review and correction, blending the best of automated efficiency with human insight. To our knowledge, this marks the first integration of large language models in automatic creating and reasoning about assurance cases, bringing a novel approach to a traditional challenge. Through several industrial case studies, Trusta has proven to quickly find some subtle issues that are typically missed in manual inspection, demonstrating its practical value in enhancing the assurance case development process.Comment: 38 page

Global existence and optimal decay rate of weak solutions to the co-rotation Hooke dumbbell model

In this paper, we mainly study global existence and optimal $L^2$ decay rate of weak solutions to the co-rotation Hooke dumbbell model. This micro-macro model is a coupling of the Navier-Stokes equation with a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation. Based on the defect measure propagation method, we prove that the co-rotation Hooke dumbbell model admits a global weak solution provided the initial data under different integrability conditions. Moreover, we obtain optimal long time decay rate in $L^2$ for the weak solutions obtained by the Fourier splitting method