A Study of Tourism Advertising Effects: Advertising Formats and Destination Types

This study proposes and empirically tested the AUIDC framework for tourism advertising effects with five variables: Attention, Utilitarian, Interest, Desire, and Credibility. To examine the tourism advertising effects across different destination types and advertising formats, a 2 (destination type: cultural vs. natural) ×3 (advertising format: VR vs. video vs. print) between-subject experiment was designed and tested. A sample of 307 participants was surveyed in this study. Findings indicate that the tourism advertising effects do not differ across the three ads formats of print, video, and VR. VR is even less effective for destinations primarily featuring natural sceneries. Theoretical and managerial implications of this study are discussed

The Effects of Perceived Cultural and Tourism Public Services on Visitor Satisfaction and Quality of Life: A Multiple Mediation Model

The provision of cultural and tourism public services in tourism destinations exerts a substantial influence on visitor experience and their overall quality of life. The current study applied structural equation modeling to empirically investigate the relationship between perceived cultural and tourism public services of visitors and their quality of life. Additionally, the mediating effects of perceived value, expectancy disconfirmation, and satisfaction in the above-mentioned influence relationship was also explored. In order to collect data, a field survey was conducted in a world heritage site located in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 550 questionnaires were delivered, out of which 518 valid questionnaires were retained for subsequent analysis. The results demonstrate that perceived cultural and tourism public services of visitors have significant and positive influence on their perceived value, and visitors’ perceived value has a positive effect on their expectancy disconfirmation. Moreover, there is a strong and positive relationship between visitors’ expectancy disconfirmation and their satisfaction and quality of life. Additionally, the mediating effect of perceived value, expectancy disconfirmation, and satisfaction exist, and these three mediating variables serve as full mediators. The present study addresses the theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and potential areas for further research

Transformation of Rural Space under the Impact of Tourism: The Case of Xiamen, China

Tourism plays a key role in sustaining economic development. Previous research has established the connections between tourism and urban growth, as well as the influence of tourism on population and social structure, and the impact of tourism on the landscape. Fewer studies have been conducted on the impact of tourism on the process of rural development change, especially how rural spatial transformation and local community development are driven through tourism. This paper investigates the link between tourism and rural spatial development in China, using in-depth interviews. The research demonstrates that the ambiguity of collective land ownership in China is a key factor in the process of village development. The transformation of villages from “production space” to “consumption space” is driven by tourism based on the land institution arrangement. It is hoped that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding that tourism should be valued in the future as part of the village development process, especially when tourism plays a long-term role in promoting village development

Governance Strategies for Informal Settlements in China: The Case of Guangzhou

Informal settlements in developing countries have attracted widespread attention, and existing research is mainly concerned with the causes and evolution of informal settlements. However, few studies have focused on investigating the spatial governance strategies of informal settlements in order to understand the evolution of informal settlements in the context of institutional arrangements. The aim of this research is to develop a framework for the spatial governance of informal settlements to explain their causes. The research finds that informal settlements in China are influenced by an urban–rural dual land system in which the collective land ownership system means that villagers are ambiguous in their approach to land development. During rapid urbanization, villagers have adopted diverse land development strategies based on land rent incentives to attract capital investment and earn profits, which has led to the rapid spread of informal settlements

Governance Strategies for Informal Settlements in China: The Case of Guangzhou

Informal settlements in developing countries have attracted widespread attention, and existing research is mainly concerned with the causes and evolution of informal settlements. However, few studies have focused on investigating the spatial governance strategies of informal settlements in order to understand the evolution of informal settlements in the context of institutional arrangements. The aim of this research is to develop a framework for the spatial governance of informal settlements to explain their causes. The research finds that informal settlements in China are influenced by an urban–rural dual land system in which the collective land ownership system means that villagers are ambiguous in their approach to land development. During rapid urbanization, villagers have adopted diverse land development strategies based on land rent incentives to attract capital investment and earn profits, which has led to the rapid spread of informal settlements

Research on the Evaluation of Real Estate Inventory Management in China

Inventory management not only determines the health of the real estate market development, but also affects the regional economy and the capacity of sustainable social development. In this paper we use the DPSIR framework to integrate multi-dimensional influence factors, such as economic, social, and environmental factors, to construct a real estate inventory management performance evaluation and obstacle diagnosis model, and conduct an empirical study on 31 Chinese provinces and cities. The results show that: first, China’s real estate inventory is huge in size, with significant spatial heterogeneity and agglomeration; second, China’s real estate inventory management performance is unsatisfactory and still shows no improvement despite the strong policy intervention of the central and local governments; third, the obstacle factors of real estate inventory management are becoming increasingly diversified and complicated, with great differences among provinces—significantly, Profits of Real Estate Enterprises, Disposable Income of Urban Residents, Financial Revenue, Per Capital GDP, Resident Population, Gross Domestic Product, Total Retail Sales of Social Consumer Goods, Financial Expense, and Loans Balance of Financial Institutes are critical obstacle factors; and fourth, it is suggested that, on the basis of mastering the actual conditions of supply and demand in the real estate market, differentiated and precise response strategies should be formulated by integrating near-term and long-term goals, direct and indirect forces, and administrative and market instruments

Research on the Evaluation of Real Estate Inventory Management in China

Inventory management not only determines the health of the real estate market development, but also affects the regional economy and the capacity of sustainable social development. In this paper we use the DPSIR framework to integrate multi-dimensional influence factors, such as economic, social, and environmental factors, to construct a real estate inventory management performance evaluation and obstacle diagnosis model, and conduct an empirical study on 31 Chinese provinces and cities. The results show that: first, China’s real estate inventory is huge in size, with significant spatial heterogeneity and agglomeration; second, China’s real estate inventory management performance is unsatisfactory and still shows no improvement despite the strong policy intervention of the central and local governments; third, the obstacle factors of real estate inventory management are becoming increasingly diversified and complicated, with great differences among provinces—significantly, Profits of Real Estate Enterprises, Disposable Income of Urban Residents, Financial Revenue, Per Capital GDP, Resident Population, Gross Domestic Product, Total Retail Sales of Social Consumer Goods, Financial Expense, and Loans Balance of Financial Institutes are critical obstacle factors; and fourth, it is suggested that, on the basis of mastering the actual conditions of supply and demand in the real estate market, differentiated and precise response strategies should be formulated by integrating near-term and long-term goals, direct and indirect forces, and administrative and market instruments

Emotional State, Psychological Resilience, and Travel Intention to National Forest Park during COVID-19

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the tourism industry worldwide. This study examines the relationships among potential tourists’ emotional states, psychological resilience, and their travel intention to a national forest park in the context of COVID-19. It also investigates the moderating effect of gender. Kanas National Forest Park on the northwestern border of China was chosen as the research case. The survey questionnaires were administered both online and offline to collect data. A total of 492 valid questionnaires were collected (263 from online and 229 from offline) and analyzed in this study. Results demonstrate that visitors’ positive emotions have significant positive effects on their psychological resilience and travel intention. Yet, visitors’ negative emotions have significant negative effects on psychological resilience and travel intention. Moreover, psychological resilience partially mediates the relationship between emotional state and travel intention, indicating that visitors’ positive emotion and negative emotion can not only directly affect travel intention, but also indirectly affect travel intention through psychological resilience. The results of moderating effect analysis indicate that men and women are found to have differences in the experience of emotion, and women are more advised to foster positive emotions and psychological resilience. Visitors are advised to advocate more mutual encouragement, and tourism practitioners are recommended to provide tailored services to reduce travel anxiety. Findings provide implications on emotional regulation for tourists and crisis management strategies for nature-based tourism destinations

Sustainability Assessment of Cultural Heritage Tourism: Case Study of Pingyao Ancient City in China

Cultural heritage tourism (CHT) has become an important part of the tourism industry. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the sustainability of CHT destinations for tourism development. The majority of existing studies have examined the destination sustainability of ecotourism with the considerations of three stakeholder groups, namely, resource administration, tourist, and local community. However, the impact of tourism enterprises on destination sustainability has been constantly ignored in CHT-related studies. To fill these gaps, this study aims at developing an indicator system for comprehensively assessing the sustainability of CHT destinations. Specifically, this study identified an evaluation indicator system based on the Delphi technique and applied it to the context of Pingyao Ancient City in China. Results demonstrated that scores obtained by all four stakeholder groups ranged between 3.0 and 4.0 and the overall sustainability score was only 63.94, indicating that Pingyao was in the “somewhat sustainable” state according to the criteria (0−25, unsustainable; 25−50, somewhat unsustainable; 50−75, somewhat sustainable; 75−100, sustainable) specified in previous studies. A more balanced outcome should be achieved where each stakeholder’s interests are fully considered, but not at the expense of the others. The findings are of great significance for heritage tourism literature and sustainable destination management