Advances of Olfactory Design and Its Applications in Library Studies

[Purpose/Significance] The olfactory experience can influence human emotion and cognition. Space olfactory design enhances our overall activity experience and satisfaction with the whole space environment by awakening our positive emotional feelings and promoting the positive nature of behavioral activities. It provides reference and inspiration for the application of spatial olfactory design in public cultural service institutions such as libraries. Therefore, the utility of the olfactory experience for users can be applied to library architectural spaces, so as to increase the loyalty of library users. [Method/Process] This paper used literature research and content analysis method to collect, screen, organize and analyze the related literature on space olfactory design at home and abroad, to review the domestic and international research on the role of space olfactory, and to summarize the research progress and application trends of space olfactory design at home and abroad. The practical application of space olfactory design and the utility of space olfactory experience were analyzed, including the role of space odor design on emotional arousal, memory utility of space-related events and on other sensory behavioral efficiency enhancement, behavioral performance improvement and learning memory capacity improvement. [Results/Conclusions] The study found that international research scenarios on the design of space olfactory were focused mainly on the olfactory experience in special contexts such as learning scenarios and commercial shopping scenarios. In contrast, domestic research on space olfactory design is still at the stage of theoretical exploration, and the empirical research is yet to be explored. Scent marketing in commercial field provides theoretical and practical guidance for library space scent environment design. In addition, in order to create future learning centers based on the perspective of the user's olfactory experience, public libraries need to pay more attention to the consistency of scent with the library's reading space, learning center and cultural and leisure center and other space services, and the mechanism of the influence of the space scent on the subjective emotional feelings of library users and their reading experience, learning behavior and recreational and leisure activities in the libraries. The olfactory sensitivity and olfactory preference of library user groups and librarian groups are the issues that must be considered to realize the olfactory design of library space and are the prerequisites for building a human-oriented library. In addition, based on the spatial activity needs of university libraries, our study can be used as a pilot for library space olfactory design

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer

We performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate the efficacy and safety of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). The secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and ≥grade 3 adverse events (AEs). A total of six studies involving 2905 patients were identified, including 469 patients receiving program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor plus chemotherapy, 308 receiving PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy, 563 receiving CTLA-4 inhibitors plus chemotherapy, 268 receiving PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibitors plus chemotherapy, and 1297 receiving chemotherapy alone. 10.8% (283/2615) patients had baseline brain metastases (BMs). Notably, ICIs plus chemotherapy was associated with significantly improved OS (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.89). Subgroup analyses revealed that PD-1 inhibitors (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.92) and PD-L1 inhibitors (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.85) plus chemotherapy yielded a statistically significant improvement in OS while CTLA-4 inhibitors did not (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.06). In patients with baseline BMs, ICIs plus chemotherapy showed no survival benefits over chemotherapy alone (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.64). ICIs plus chemotherapy also significantly prolonged PFS (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.87) while the pooled ORRs were comparable between ICIs plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.10). Patients treated with CTLA-4 inhibitors (relative risk (RR), 1.12; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.28) experienced more≥grade 3 AEs than those treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.11). The addition of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to chemotherapy resulted in significant improvements in both PFS and OS for patients with treatment-naïve ES-SCLC, not at the cost of increased AEs

Research on Online Destination Image of Zhenjiang Section of the Grand Canal Based on Network Content Analysis

The Zhenjiang section of the Grand Canal (ZGC) is an important part of the Grand Canal, which was listed on the World Heritage List in 2014. The purpose of this study is to analyze the projected image of the ZGC constructed by destination marketing organizations (DMO) in the WeChat official account (WOA) by using the network content analysis method to condense the image features of the ZGC on the Internet and to provide support for the brand image construction of the ZGC from the supply side. The results show that: (1) DMO pay more attention to the shipping traffic and generate less publicity regarding the literature and art of the ZGC; (2) the cognitive images that are widely promoted are river course and water transport; the emotional images in high-frequency words are less involved but are positive as a whole; (3) the brand image of the ZGC has a strong nostalgic characteristic; (4) more attention should be paid to the heritage sites in the Song Dynasty and near the river course and river outlet

Research on the application of mixed reality technology in the field of art design

Aim: summarize the application of mixed reality technology in the field of art design and analyse its shortcomings and trends. Method: by searching the Web of science as the main source of information to explain the basic concept and development of MR and state of art in product design, display design and interactive design. Discuss the pros and cons of mixed reality technology in human-computer interaction, hardware, and user experience. Result: Mixed reality technology is widely used in art, design, especially in product design, display design, and interactive design. The future trend of mixed reality technology is summarized the combining status of market and industry. Conclusion: The application of mixed reality technology in the field of art design is already drawing more and more attention from industry, but it still lacks enough attention from academia community. This paper systematically introduces the state-of-the-art applications and trends of MR in the field of art design which helps readers to get an insight on this fascinating research area

Experimental investigation on microstructures and mechanical properties of PG4 flash-butt rail welds

Flash-butt welding (FBW) has recently been employed to construct continuously welded rails. However, the failure mechanisms of FBW joints remain unclear. In this study, the weldability of mobile flash-butt welded joints was investigated in terms of microstructures, mechanical properties, and residual stresses. The microhardness test results indicated that the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the PG4 welds showed significant reductions in hardness of up to 140 HV, whereas the digital image correlation (DIC) measurements showed high heterogeneous strains of up to 4%. Crystallographic analysis indicated that the grains in the HAZ underwent plastic strain with a lattice reorientation of approximately 80% and 55% in the face- and body-centred cubic phase, respectively. The uniaxial tensile tests established the phenomenological relationship between the bond strength and HAZ width: specifically, the bond strength was relatively high at the foot and head of the rail, progressively decreased at the web, and was inversely correlated with the HAZ width. A fractographic analysis confirmed that the shrinkage cracks, inclusions, and flat spots in the rail web were the main cause of early failure in uniaxial tensile tests. Residual stress measurements also showed that FBW can introduce high residual stresses in the rail web of up to 436.76 ± 18.10 MPa and 225.80 ± 12.94 MPa in the vertical and longitudinal directions, respectively. The results of this study reveal that the bond strength of mobile FBW can be assessed based on their HAZ width and provide reliable guidelines for improving the safety and stability of railway systems