Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Tomato Lines in Response to Infection by Xanthomonas perforans Race T3

Bacterial spot, incited by several Xanthomonas sp., is a serious disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Although genetics of resistance has been widely investigated, the interactions between the pathogen and tomato plants remain unclear. In this study, tanscriptomes of X. perforans race T3 infected tomato lines were compared to those of controls. An average of 7 million reads were generated with approximately 21,526 genes mapped in each sample post-inoculation at 6h (6 HPI) and 6d (6 DPI) using RNA-sequencing technology. Overall, the numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were higher in the resistant tomato line PI 114490 than in the susceptible line OH 88119, and the numbers of DEGs were higher at 6 DPI than at 6 HPI. Fewer genes (78 in PI 114490 and 15 in OH 88119) were up-regulated and most DEGs were down-regulated, suggesting that the inducible defense response might not be fully activated at 6 HPI. Accumulation expression levels of 326 co-up regulated genes in both tomato lines at 6 DPI might be involved in basal defense, while the specific and strongly induced genes at 6 DPI might be correlated with the resistance in PI114490. Most DEGs were involved in plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction and phenylalanine metabolism, and the genes significantly up-regulated in PI114490 at 6 DPI were associated with defense response pathways. DEGs containing NBS-LRR domain or defense-related WRKY transcription factors were also identified. The results will provide a valuable resource for understanding the interactions between X. perforans and tomato plants

Impacting Factors of Postgraduates’ Behavioral Intention and Satisfaction in Using Online Learning in Chengdu University

Purpose: The study aims to investigate impacting factors of behavioral intention and satisfaction of postgraduate students in using online learning based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and the Information Systems Success (ISS). Research design, data and methodology: A quantitative method was applied to distribute questionnaire to 500 students of Chengdu University of China. Judgmental sampling, stratified random sampling, and convenience sampling were used as sampling techniques. Prior to data collection, item objective congruence (IOC) and Cronbach’s Alpha reliability test were used to validate the data. For the data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM) were employed to measure factor loading, reliability, validity and goodness of fit indices. Results: Behavioral Intention had the strongest significant effect on satisfaction, followed by social Influence, perceived ease of use, effort expectancy, perceived usefulness on behavioral intention. Additionally, perceived ease of use significantly affected on perceived usefulness. In opposite, the relationship between self-efficacy and behavioral intention was not supported. Conclusions: Academic researchers and school leaders would adapt the important factors impacting behavioral intention and satisfaction in the selection of online learning system to meet student’s needs and their learning objectives

PAP3 Regulates Stamen but Not Petal Development in Capsicum annuum L.

AbstractPepper flowers are hermaphroditic; the plant's male sterility trait is characterized by its inability to produce pollen grains. In the ABC model of flower development, B-function genes play roles in petal and stamen development in the angiosperm. In this study, a B-class gene designated as PAP3 (GenBank accession no. HM104635) was isolated in pepper. The gene encoded 226 amino acids and shared high similarity with the MADS-box protein family, with a conservative MADS domain and semiconservative K domain. Furthermore, the expression of PAP3 was abundant only in petals and anthers but not in leaves. A functional study employing virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) showed that knockdown of PAP3 led to the shriveling of pollen grains and male sterility; however, it did not affect petal development. These results suggest an essential role for PAP3 in the development of the pepper stamen and in contributing to the variation of floral traits

Finding disease-specific coordinated functions by multi-function genes: Insight into the coordination mechanisms in diseases

AbstractWe developed an approach using multi-function disease genes to find function pairs whose co-deregulation might induce a disease. Analyzing cancer genes, we found many cancer-specific coordinated function pairs co-deregulated by dysfunction of multi-function genes and other molecular changes in cancer. Studying two subtypes of cardiomyopathy, we found they show certain consistency at the functional coordination level. Our approach can also provide important information for finding novel disease genes as well as their mechanisms in diseases

Dynamical Analysis of a Pest Management Model with Saturated Growth Rate and State Dependent Impulsive Effects

A new pest management mathematical model with saturated growth is proposed. The integrated pest management (IPM) strategy by introducing two state dependent pulses into the model is considered. Firstly, we analyze singular points of the model qualitatively and get the condition for focus point. Secondly, by using geometry theory of impulsive differential equation, the existence and stability of periodic solution of the system are discussed. Lastly, some examples and numerical simulations are given to illustrate our results

Tourist Sentiment Mining Based on Deep Learning

Mining the sentiment of the user on the internet via the context plays a significant role in uncovering the human emotion and in determining the exactness of the underlying emotion in the context. An increasingly enormous number of user-generated content (UGC) in social media and online travel platforms lead to development of data-driven sentiment analysis (SA), and most extant SA in the domain of tourism is conducted using document-based SA (DBSA). However, DBSA cannot be used to examine what specific aspects need to be improved or disclose the unknown dimensions that affect the overall sentiment like aspect-based SA (ABSA). ABSA requires accurate identification of the aspects and sentiment orientation in the UGC. In this book chapter, we illustrate the contribution of data mining based on deep learning in sentiment and emotion detection

Design And Experiment of Axial Air-Suction Drum Seed-Metering Device

This study developed an axial air-suction drum seed-metering device without a special vacuum pump and associated pipeline facilities, greatly simplifying the structure of the air-suction drum seed-metering device, which aimed to solve the problems of complex structure and difficult maintenance of traditional air suction drum seed-metering device. The geometric model of the seed-metering device was established by SOLIDWORKS. In addition, numerical simulation tests were carried out on the seed-metering device based on CFD to verify the feasibility of the theoretical operation of the seed-metering device. The seed-metering device was processed and a test bench was built for physical testing, which verified the feasibility of the actual operation of the seed-metering device. The bench test results showed that when the fan speed reached 2100 rpm, the adsorption rate of the seed-metering device on tomato seeds, pepper seeds, and eggplant seeds reached more than 86.39%,87.22%, and 93.06%, respectively. Besides, when the fan speed reached 2400 rpm, the adsorption rate of the seed-metering device on tomato seeds, hot pepper seeds, and eggplant seeds all reached more than 95%, which demonstrated that the seed-metering device has good seed suction performance despite its straightforward design

Bis{tris­[3-(2-pyrid­yl)-1H-pyrazole]iron(II)} tetra­deca­molybdo(V,VI)silicate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Fe(C8H7N3)3]2[SiMo14O44], consists of a complex [Fe(C8H7N3)3]2+ cation and half of a derivative of an α-Keggin-type anion, [SiMo14O44]4−. In the mixed-valent MoV/VI anion, the α-Keggin type core is capped on two oppositely disposed tetra­gonal faces by additional (MoO2) units. The [SiMo14O44]4− anion shows disorder. Two O atoms of the central SiO4 group ( symmetry) are equally disordered about an inversion centre. Moreover, two of the outer bridging O atoms and the O atoms of the capping (MoO2) unit are likewise disordered. The Fe2+ cation is surrounded in a slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination by six N atoms from three 3-(2-pyrid­yl)-1H-pyrazole ligands. N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the cations and anions leads to a consolidation of the structure