The Analgesic Activity of Bestatin as a Potent APN Inhibitor

Bestatin, a small molecular weight dipeptide, is a potent inhibitor of various aminopeptidases as well as LTA4 hydrolase. Various physiological functions of Bestatin have been identified, viz.: (1) an immunomodifier for enhancing the proliferation of normal human bone marrow granulocyte–macrophage progenitor cells to form CFU-GM colonies; Bestatin exerts a direct stimulating effect on lymphocytes via its fixation on the cell surface and an indirect effect on monocytes via aminopeptidase B inhibition of tuftsin catabolism; (2) an immunorestorator and curative or preventive agent for spontaneous tumor; Bestatin alone or its combination with chemicals can prolongate the disease-free interval and survival period in adult acute or chronic leukemia, therefore, it was primarily marketed in 1987 in Japan as an anticancer drug and servers as the only marketed inhibitor of Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) to cure leukemia to date; (3) a pan-hematopoietic stimulator and restorator; Bestatin promotes granulocytopoiesis and thrombocytopoiesis in vitro and restores them in myelo-hypoplastic men; (4) an inhibitor of several natural opioid peptides. Based on the knowledge that APN can cleave several bioactive neuropeptides such as Met-enkaphalins, Leu-enkaphalins, β-Endorphin, and so on, the anti-aminopeptidase action of Bestatin also allows it to protect endopeptides against their catabolism, exhibiting analgesic activity. Although many scientific studies and great accomplishments have been achieved in this field, a large amount of problems are unsolved. This article reviews the promising results obtained for future development of the analgesic activity of Bestatin that can be of vital interest in a number of severe and chronic pain syndromes

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus: report of two cases and review of the Chinese literature

Squamous cell carcinoma is the major pathology type of esophageal cancer in China, where adenocarcinoma is rare and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is more rare comparing to the western countries. We report the surgical and pathologic findings of two cases of primary ACC of the esophagus, and review of the Chinese literature of this tumor. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/150758223884324

Control of absorption of monolayer MoS2_{2} thin-film transistor in one-dimensional defective photonic crystal

The light absorption and transmission of monolayer MoS$_{2}$ in a one-dimensional defective photonic crystal (d-1DPC) is theoretically investigated. The study shows that the strong interference effect decreases photon density in particular areas of the microcavity. The d-1DPC can reduce light absorption of monolayer MoS$_{2}$ and enhance light transmission. The impact of monolayer MoS$_{2}$ light absorption on the localization effect of photon is investigated when monolayer MoS$_{2}$ and the organic light-emitting diode are located in the same microcavity. However, monolayer MoS$_{2}$ does not reduce the localization effect of light by regulating the position of monolayer MoS$_{2}$ in the microcavity.Comment: 5pages,5figure

Bis(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)(croconato-κ2 O,O′)nickel(II)

The title compound, [Ni(C5O5)(C10H8N2)2], lies across a crystallographic twofold axis, around which two 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-bipy) ligands are arranged in a propeller manner. The local geometry of the NiN4O2 coordination core basically adopts an octa­hedral geometry. The mol­ecular twofold axis is along the direction of the mol­ecular dipole moment, and the complex is packed with its dipole moment alternately along the +b and −b directions. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds