1,278 research outputs found
A Regularized Opponent Model with Maximum Entropy Objective
In a single-agent setting, reinforcement learning (RL) tasks can be cast into
an inference problem by introducing a binary random variable o, which stands
for the "optimality". In this paper, we redefine the binary random variable o
in multi-agent setting and formalize multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL)
as probabilistic inference. We derive a variational lower bound of the
likelihood of achieving the optimality and name it as Regularized Opponent
Model with Maximum Entropy Objective (ROMMEO). From ROMMEO, we present a novel
perspective on opponent modeling and show how it can improve the performance of
training agents theoretically and empirically in cooperative games. To optimize
ROMMEO, we first introduce a tabular Q-iteration method ROMMEO-Q with proof of
convergence. We extend the exact algorithm to complex environments by proposing
an approximate version, ROMMEO-AC. We evaluate these two algorithms on the
challenging iterated matrix game and differential game respectively and show
that they can outperform strong MARL baselines.Comment: Accepted to International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
(IJCA2019
B\to X_s\gamma, X_s l^+ l^- decays and constraints on the mass insertion parameters in the MSSM
In this paper, we study the upper bounds on the mass insertion parameters
in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM).
We found that the information from the measured branching ratio of decay can help us to improve the upper bounds on the mass insertions
parameters \left (\delta^{u,d}_{AB})_{3j,i3}. Some regions allowed by the
data of are excluded by the requirement of a SM-like
imposed by the data of .Comment: 16 pages, 5 eps figure files, typos remove
5-Fluoro-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid
In the title compound, C9H6FNO2, the carboxyl group is twisted slightly away from the indole-ring plane [dihedral angle = 7.39 (10)°]. In the crystal, carboxyl inversion dimers linked by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R
2
2(8) loops and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the dimers into (10) sheets
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