4,358 research outputs found
Experimental Requirements to Determine the Neutrino Mass Hierarchy Using Reactor Neutrinos
This paper presents experimental requirements to determine the neutrino mass
hierarchy using reactor neutrinos. The detector shall be located at a baseline
around 58 km from the reactor(s) to measure the energy spectrum of electron
antineutrinos () precisely. By applying Fourier cosine and sine
transform to the L/E spectrum, features of the neutrino mass hierarchy can be
extracted from the and oscillations.
To determine the neutrino mass hierarchy above 90% probability, requirements to
the baseline, the energy resolution, the energy scale uncertainty, the detector
mass and the event statistics are studied at different values of
Comment: Update Fig.
The progenitors of Type Ia supernovae with long delay times
The nature of the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is still
unclear. In this paper, by considering the effect of the instability of
accretion disk on the evolution of white dwarf (WD) binaries, we performed
binary evolution calculations for about 2400 close WD binaries, in which a
carbon--oxygen WD accretes material from a main-sequence star or a slightly
evolved subgiant star (WD + MS channel), or a red-giant star (WD + RG channel)
to increase its mass to the Chandrasekhar (Ch) mass limit. According to these
calculations, we mapped out the initial parameters for SNe Ia in the orbital
period--secondary mass () plane for various WD
masses for these two channels, respectively. We confirm that WDs in the WD + MS
channel with a mass as low as can accrete efficiently and reach
the Ch limit, while the lowest WD mass for the WD + RG channel is . We have implemented these results in a binary population synthesis
study to obtain the SN Ia birthrates and the evolution of SN Ia birthrates with
time for both a constant star formation rate and a single starburst. We find
that the Galactic SN Ia birthrate from the WD + MS channel is according to our standard model, which is higher than
previous results. However, similar to previous studies, the birthrate from the
WD + RG channel is still low (). We also
find that about one third of SNe Ia from the WD + MS channel and all SNe Ia
from the WD + RG channel can contribute to the old populations (\ga1 Gyr) of
SN Ia progenitors.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRA
Characteristics of optical multi-peak solitons induced by higher-order effects in an erbium-doped fiber system
We study multi-peak solitons \textit{on a plane-wave background} in an
erbium-doped fiber system with some higher-order effects, which is governed by
a coupled Hirota and Maxwel-Bloch (H-MB) model. The important characteristics
of multi-peak solitons induced by the higher-order effects, such as the
velocity changes, localization or periodicity attenuation, and state
transitions, are revealed in detail. In particular, our results demonstrate
explicitly that a multi-peak soliton can be converted to an anti-dark soliton
when the periodicity vanishes; on the other hand, a multi-peak soliton is
transformed to a periodic wave when the localization vanishes. Numerical
simulations are performed to confirm the propagation stability of multi-peak
solitons riding on a plane-wave background. Finally, we compare and discuss the
similarity and difference of multi-peak solitons in special degenerate cases of
the H-MB system with general existence conditions.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Chess-Board-Like Spatio-Temporal Interference Patterns and Their Excitation
We discover new type of interference patterns generated in the focusing
nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLSE) with localised periodic initial
conditions. At special conditions, found in the present work, these patterns
exhibit novel chess-board-like spatio-temporal structures which can be observed
as the outcome of collision of two breathers. The infinitely extended
chess-board-like patterns correspond to the continuous spectrum bands of the
NLSE theory. More complicated patterns can be observed when the initial
condition contains several localised periodic swells. These patterns can be
observed in a variety of physical situations ranging from optics and
hydrodynamics to Bose-Einstein condensates and plasma.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
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